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Among these, 3 were prospective and 11 were retrospective studies. These studies described or evaluated high-dose AR drug holidays. In 2 studies, patients were being treated with denosumab, but neither showed that a drug holiday was effective. The remaining 12 studies evaluated bisphosphonate treatment and 2 of these studies found no reason to use AR drug holiday before surgery. Three studies recommended drug holidays, whereas most of the studies recommended assessing each patient separately. The only paper that fitted the PICO approach was a non-randomized, prospective study with a control group. This study concluded that drug holiday was not necessary. Thus, there are no evidence for using drug holiday, but it is also clear that caused by a limited numbers of eligible patients, and a great variation in between these patient, high-level evidence for using AR drug holiday is almost impossible to obtain. © 2020 The Author(s).Gold honey variety pineapple wastes and sacha inchi sub-products (SIS) were characterized in their elemental, physical, and chemical form in order to formulate a supplemented fermentation substrate (SFS) for the growth Weissella cibaria. The peels and fresh cores of the pineapple (FPP, FPC) were dried and ground (PPP, PPC) and then mixed (MCPP). The following procedures were then undertaken a physicochemical characterization (moisture, aw, pH, acidity, and soluble solids) of the SIS, FPP, FPC, PPP, and PPC; a proximal characterization of he FPP, FPC, SIS, and SFS; and an elemental analysis (C-N2-H2-O2-S) of the MCPP, SIS, and W. cibaria, which allowed the stoichiometric equation to be defined and the SFS to be formulated. We then evaluated the effect that homogenization and heating to boiling point had on the concentration of reducing sugars in the SFS (g L-1). Finally, W. cibaria´s kinetic fermentation parameters were evaluated in the SFS and in a commercial substrate (control). The results showed FPP and FPC yields of 26.02 ± 0.58 and 14.69 ± 1.13%, respectively; a higher total sugar content in FPC (7.21%) than in FPP (6.65%); a high crude protein content in SIS (56.70%), and a CN2 ratio of 6.501.00. Moreover, the highest concentration of reducing sugars (4.44 ± 0.29 g L-1) in the SFS was obtained with 5 h of hydrolysis under homogenization pre-treatments and heating until boiling. The SFS allowed the adaptation of W. cibaria, and there was a biomass production of 2.93 g L-1 and a viability of 9.88 log CFU mL-1. The formulation of an unconventional fermentation substrate from -Agro-industrial wastes of pineapple and sacha inchi to produce valuable products (such as lactic acid biomass through fermentation), is an excellent perspective for large-scale application. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.This research investigates the join effects of political network and innovation strategies on corporate profitability. check details By using the qualified survey sample of over 2600 firms, located in around 10 provinces of Vietnam, during the 10 year from 2005 to 2015 of UN-WIDER, the results reveal that the political network, estimated from number of political connection and the time of interaction, has significantly mitigated the innovative activities' inefficiency toward firm's performance that it can positively foster the innovative capacity, then encourage more profit margin. However, the study figured out that innovative activities by itself, in the small-medium enterprise, is not good for corporate performance even three different aspects of new products, improvement, or new technology. Indeed, this issue is also the same for political connection as increasing more number of political contacts or time of interaction, the firm's value will be more detrimental. © 2020 The Authors.Background Occurrences of pathogens in environmental and irrigation waters, as well as the use of inadequately treated sewage for fresh produce constitute potential public health threats worldwide. Objective To investigate the treated wastewater used in fresh produce irrigation in Nsuskka, Southeastern Nigeria, as a reservoir enterotoxigenic and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Methods Treated wastewater (from the sewage treatment facility at Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria), soil and irrigated vegetable samples were collected and analyzed using standard procedures. Escherichia coli isolated from the samples were screened for the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli strain encoding lt gene and profiled for antibiotic resistance using the conventional PCR and standardized agar disk diffusion assays respectively. Results Of the total presumptive 103 isolates, PCR detected uidA gene in 87 (84 %), of which 23 (26 %) harboured the lt encoding ETEC gene. Generally, imipenem, cefuroxime and norfloxacin proved to be morug resistance that may pose a health hazard for humans and animals when released to the natural environment. Hence, there is need to develop management strategies and ensure compliance in order to prevent water-borne diarrhoea caused by ETEC and reduce the menace of antibiotic resistance in the environment. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.The present study identified the threshold concentration of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) that resulted in minimal quality changes (rheology, color, water activity, pH, and total soluble solids) in strawberry puree. Optimization of XOS concentration to 5% (w/w) did not significantly alter the quality attributes of the strawberry puree. link2 In addition, this study also monitored the rheological properties, composition (total soluble solids, total phenolic content, flavonoids, and tannin content), physicochemical attributes (color, water activity, pH) and sensorial properties of XOS-enhanced (5%, w/w) strawberry puree after thermal processing (HTST 75 °C, 15s and UHT 121 °C, 2s) and storage after 1, 15, and 36 days at 4 °C and 55 °C. At 5% (w/w) concentration, the addition of XOS increased consumer preference without significantly compromising quality attributes. Thermally treated strawberry puree (HTST and UHT) were less preferred by consumers than fresh puree. However, all strawberry samples incorporated with XOS (5%, w/w) received statistically higher scores than the samples without the XOS addition. Thus, the proposed supplementation of strawberry puree with XOS could be a viable solution to increase consumers' dietary fiber intake with little need for behavioral changes. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03291.]. © 2020 The Author(s).Genus Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) includes 19 species in Europe and the Middle East. The Flora of Bulgaria recognizes two species G. nivalis L. and G. elwesii Hook. Galanthus elwesii is characterized by relatively high morphological variability, leading some authors to identify some populations as G. gracilis Celak. However, the occurrence of G. gracilis in the Bulgarian flora is disputed. The hypothesis was that populations previously identified as G. gracilis belong indeed to a separate species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare G. nivalis and G. elwesii with plants from populations previously identified as G. gracilis. Morphological, DNA, embryological and anatomical analyzes were conducted to meet the objective. link3 The morphological characteristics and DNA dendrogram revealed that G. gracilis and G. elwesii were situated in the same cluster and had significant morphological similarity, whereas plants from populations identified as G. nivalis were dissimilar in morphology and situated in a separate cluster. The revealed features of the generative sphere showed similarities across the species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the surface revealed that the anticillinal walls of G. elwesii and G. gracilis were straight, while those of G. nivalis were wavy. This research demonstrated that the plants of G. elwesii and those from populations identified as G. gracilis are morphologically, embryologically and genetically similar, thus refuting the hypothesis. This study did not provide sufficient evidence to support the claim of the existence of G. gracilis in the Bulgarian flora; the populations identified as G. gracilis in Bulgaria may be forms of G. elwesii. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Sheep and goats are susceptible to infections with Toxoplasma gondii and could play an important role in the transmission of the zoonotic parasite to human. We conducted a cross sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess the risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity in small ruminants under traditional husbandry systems. This study was carried out from November 2015 to April 2016 in randomly selected small ruminants (n = 1038) from 48 farms located in Colombia, in the departments of northern Cesar in the north and La Guajira in the south. An indirect ELISA was used to detect IgG antibodies to T. gondii in the animals. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain information on putative risk factors. We conducted the association analyses by using univariable and multivariate logistic regression and report odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (C.I). The overall seroprevalence in small ruminants was 23.5% (C.I 21-26.2%). Sheep showed a higher seroprevalence (25.1% C.I 22.4-28.6%) than goats (18.4% C.I 22.4-28.6%). The association analysis recognized as risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity farming pigs in addition to small ruminants (OR = 1.96 C.I 1.414-2.743), the inexistence of manure heap (OR = 2.254 C.I 1.480-3.433) and drinking water from locally aqueducts (OR = 1.489 C.I 1.006-2.204). The results of the study confirmed that exposure to T. gondii is common in sheep and goats in dry Caribbean regions of Colombia. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of World Federation of Parasitologists.Assessment of the psychological and social circumstances of candidates for assisted reproduction is commonly justified with references to the welfare of the intended child. In nine focus group discussions with 64 clinic staff at four public fertility clinics in Sweden, the responsible use of public resources constituted another important justification for such assessments. Theoretically, this study draws on the identification of the role of regulatory conversations in decision makers' policy interpretations. Focus groups defined the desired outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment as a well-functioning family, and represented the aim of ART treatment as solving problems without creating new problems for the candidates, the intended child or society. In the discourse of solving and preventing problems, the welfare of the child argument, the responsible use of resources argument and the discourse of personal responsibility merge. Lack of consideration for the circumstances in which the child will grow up was not considered a responsible use of resources because ART treatment would then risk creating more problems than it solved. The results of this study suggest that while publicly funded subsidization of fertility treatment has increased accessibility to ART treatment for candidates who lack the financial means to pay, clinic staff justified restricting access to ART treatment with concern for how public resources are spent. © 2020 The Author.