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Finally, machine-learning algorithms were applied to predict the genotype-phenotype relationships of the uncharacterized combinations to generate a panoramic scanning map of the combinatorial space. With the assistance of our novel workflow, a malonyl-CoA biosensor with the largest dynamic response range was successfully obtained. Moreover, feature importance analysis revealed that the recognition sequence insertion scheme and the choice of UAS have a significant impact on the dynamic range. Taken together, our pipeline provides a platform for the design, tuning, and profiling of biosensor response curves and shows great potential to facilitate the rational design of genetic circuits.This report investigates the homotetrameric membrane protein structure of the S31N M2 protein from Influenza A virus in the presence of a high molar ratio of lipid. The structured regions of this protein include a single transmembrane helix and an amphipathic helix. learn more Two structures of the S31N M2 conductance domain from Influenza A virus have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). These structures present different symmetries about the channel main axis. We present new magic angle spinning and oriented sample solid-state NMR spectroscopic data for S31N M2 in liquid crystalline lipid bilayers using protein tetramerlipid molar ratios ranging from 1120 to 1240. The data is consistent with an essentially 4-fold-symmetric structure very similar to the M2 WT structure that also has a single conformation for the four monomers, except at the His37 and Trp41 functional sites when characterized in samples with a high molar ratio of lipid. While detergent solubilization is well recognized today as a nonideal environment for small membrane proteins, here we discuss the influence of a high lipid to protein ratio for samples of the S31N M2 protein to stabilize an essentially 4-fold-symmetric conformation of the M2 membrane protein. While it is generally accepted that the chemical and physical properties of the native environment of membrane proteins needs to be reproduced judiciously to achieve the native protein structure, here we show that not only the character of the emulated membrane environment is important but also the abundance of the environment is important for achieving the native structure. This is a critical finding as a membrane protein spectroscopist's goal is always to generate a sample with the highest possible protein sensitivity while obtaining spectra of the native-like structure.Here, we systematically compared the photoactivity and photobleaching behavior between dissolved black carbon (DBC) from rice straw biochar and leached dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) from rice straw compost using complementary techniques. The Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis showed that DBC was dominated by polycyclic aromatic (55.1%) and tannin-like molecules (24.1%), while LDOC was dominated by lignin-like (58.9%) and tannin-like molecules (19.7%). Under simulated sunlight conditions, DBC had much higher apparent quantum yields for 3DOM* and 1O2 but much lower apparent quantum yields for •OH than LDOC. After a 168 h irradiation, the total number of LDOC formulas identified by FT-ICR MS decreased by 40.1% with concurrent increases in O/C and H/C ratios and also decreases in double bond equivalence minus oxygen (DBE - O) and average molecular weight identified by gel permeation chromatography. However, despite the large decreases in UVA254 and DOC, the total number of DBC formulas decreased only by 12.0% with nearly unchanged O/C ratio, DBE - O values, molecular weight distribution, and benzenepolycarboxylic aromatic condensation (BACon) index regardless of the decreased percentage of condensed aromatic carbon (ConAC %). Compared with LDOC, the photolysis of DBC was much less oxidative and destructive mainly via breakup of a small portion of the highly condensed aromatic rings, probably accompanied by photodecarboxylation.The rapid and effective separation of high-viscosity heavy crude oil from seawater is a worldwide challenge. Herein, an ultralow density, photothermal, superhydrophobic, and thermally conductive polyurethane/polyaniline/hexagonal boron nitride@Fe3O4/polyacrylic-oleic acid resin sponge (PU/PANI/h-BN@Fe3O4/AR) was fabricated with a water contact angle (WCA) of 158°, thermal conductivity of 0.76 W m-1 K-1, density of 0.038 g cm-3, limited oxygen index (LOI) of 28.82%, and porosity of 97.97% and used for solar-assisted separation of high-viscosity crude oil from water. Photothermal components were composed of PANI and Fe3O4, while h-BN particles were used as thermally conductive and flame retardant fillers. Therefore, the illuminated sunlight irradiation on the modified sponge was converted to heat due to the activity of photothermal components. The produced heat was rapidly transferred to the environment due to the presence of h-BN for increasing the temperature of the high-viscosity crude oil and reducing oil viscosity that helped to promote its fluidity and effective absorption. The crude oil absorption capacity of this sponge increased from 4 to 57 g g-1 under irradiation of a sunlight simulator (power 1 sun 1 kW m-2) for 17 min due to oil viscosity reduction from 2.46 × 104 to below 100 mPa s followed by an increase in the surface temperature from 26 to 89 °C. Also, the oil absorption capacity was evaluated in a static state (172 g g-1 for chloroform), under different external magnetic fields (140.7 g g-1 for gasoline), and in a continuous state, which was 65,100 times of its own weight in the gasoline filtration process. The PU/PANI/h-BN@Fe3O4/AR sponge exhibited excellent stability against 20 times of reusing, mechanical compression, abrasion, immersing in various pH solutions, seawater, and high temperature. In all, the results confirmed that the prepared sponge is an excellent absorbent for organic solvents and highly viscous crude oil in the absence and presence of sunlight irradiation.A shutdown-functionalized lithium-ion battery separator plays a pivotal role in preventing thermal runaway as cells experience electrical abuse, overcharge, and external short circuit. In this article, the trilayer separator endowed with shutdown function was fabricated by ingenious co-extrusion and bidirectional drawing based on the nano-Al2O3 coating online construction during the β-iPP cavitation process. The middle layer composed of nano-Al2O3, polyethylene, and polypropylene offers a shutdown temperature of 130 °C, and skin polypropylene layers with nano-Al2O3 coating hold optimized dimensional stability below the meltdown temperature. Crystal structure measurement and pore structure diagnosis disclose that nano-Al2O3 thins coarse fibrils and makes the porous structure uniform. De-bonding of nano-Al2O3/β-iPP interfaces retains nano-Al2O3 not only on the top surface of the separator but also on the pore intine to realize nano-Al2O3 coating online construction, consequently strengthening tensile capacity, dimensional stability to heating, and electrolyte affinity. Electrochemical tests further disclose that nano-Al2O3 coating stabilizes solid electrolyte interphase germination and heightens lithium-ion migration numbers, confining cell resistances and granting optimal high-rate performance and cycling ability. The proposed approach features simple technics, environment-friendly, continuous fabrication, and coating online construction, which can offer new ideas for the mass fabricating of the high-end separator.In a world of finite metallic minerals, demand forecasting is crucial for managing the stocks and flows of these critical resources. Previous studies have projected copper supply and demand at the global level and the regional level of EU and China. However, no comprehensive study exists for the U.S., which has displayed unique copper consumption and dematerialization trends. In this study, we adapted the stock dynamics approach to forecast the U.S. copper in-use stock (IUS), consumption, and end-of-life (EOL) flows from 2016 to 2070 under various U.S.-specific scenarios. Assuming different socio-technological development trajectories, our model results are consistent with a stabilization range of 215-260 kg/person for the IUS. This is projected along with steady growth in the annual copper consumption and EOL copper generation driven mainly by the growing U.S. population. This stabilization trend of per capita IUS indicates that future copper consumption will largely recuperate IUS losses, allowing 34-39% of future demand to be met potentially by recycling 43% of domestic EOL copper. Despite the recent trends of "dematerialization", adaptive policies still need to be designed for enhancing the EOL recovery, especially in light of a potential transitioning to a "green technology" future with increased electrification dictating higher copper demand.Smart phototheranostic nanomaterials are of significant interest for high-quality imaging and targeted therapy in the precision medicine field. Herein, a nanoscale photosensitizer (NanoPcM) is constructed through the self-assembly of morpholine-substituted silicon phthalocyanine (PcM) and albumin. NanoPcM displays a turn-on fluorescence depending on the acid-induced abolition of the photoinduced electron transfer effect (change in molecular structure) and disassembly of the nanostructure (change in supramolecular structure), which enables low-background and tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging. In addition, its efficient type I photoreaction endows NanoPcM with a superior immunogenic photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect against solid tumors. The combination of NanoPcM-based PDT and αPD-1-based immunotherapy can efficiently inhibit tumor growth, reduce spontaneous lung metastasis, and trigger abscopal effects. This study should provide a perspective for the future design of nanomaterials as promising phototheranostics for cancer imaging and therapy.We investigated the plasticity and polarization of THP-1 cells on native and regenerated silk-based biomaterials to address the basic paradigm of immune response. Here, we report redox kinetics, adhesion morphology, and nitric oxide release patterns to identify specific subtypes of macrophages at different time points. Water-annealed silk film and native fibrous braids from Bombyx mori silkworms showed higher anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles or M2 subtypes (as evidenced by the enhanced expression of interleukin-10, interleukin-13, and interleukin-4). Ethanol-treated Bombyx mori silk films and Antheraea mylitta braids exhibited higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines or the M1 subtype (as evidenced by enhanced expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interferon-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF) in contact with healthy THP monocytes for 14 days; such a long study is unprecedented. Cytokine microarray analysis revealed the transition (M0-M1, M1-M2), plasticity, and stable phenotype of THP-1 cells in a variable stage in contact with different physicochemical properties of silk-based biomaterials. The detailed immunogenicity in the context of the physicochemical properties of native and regenerative silk-based biomaterials will enable us to accurately predict the possibility of a pro-/anti-inflammatory response. It will helps to predict the in vivo reprogramming and avoid fibrosis formation to enhance their clinical translational potential.