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e., low-cost versus full-service).Partial evaluation (PE) is a branch of computer science that achieves code optimization via specialization. This article describes a PE methodology for optimizing rewrite theories that encode concurrent as well as nondeterministic systems by means of the Maude language. The main advantages of the proposed methodology can be summarized as follows•An automatic program optimization technique for rewrite theories featuring several PE criteria that support the specialization of a broad class of rewrite theories.•An incremental partial evaluation modality that allows the key specialization components to be encapsulated at the desired granularity level to facilitate progressive refinements of the specialization.•All executability theory requirements are preserved by the PE transformation. Also the transformation ensures the semantic equivalence between the original rewrite theory and the specialized theory under rather mild conditions.This paper introduces a comprehensive method to measure the implementation of residential apartment design policies in Australia. It describes a protocol for extracting and measuring potentially health-enhancing policy-specific design requirements derived from three current residential apartment design policies in Sydney, Melbourne and Perth. These requirements focus on ten key design elements (1) solar access, (2) natural ventilation, (3) private open space, (4) communal open space, (5) circulation spaces, (6) acoustic privacy, (7) outlook and (8) visual privacy, (9) bicycle and car parking and (10) apartment mix. This paper also describes the computation of scores to quantify the levels of on-ground implementation of the design requirements and compliance with the policies. The method will allow researchers to objectively quantify, benchmark and assess the uptake of apartment policy in apartment design and construction to inform future policy development. • Measurements were developed to systematically assess apartment buildings for their implementation of specific design requirements stipulated by State Government design policies. • Policy implementation was defined as the degree to which the apartment buildings adhered to the requirements outlined by the apartment design policies. A scoring system was developed to quantify policy implementation at both the apartment and building levels. • This method can be replicated to allow researchers to objectively quantify, benchmark and assess the uptake of apartment policy in apartment design and construction to inform future policy development.The paper introduces Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics, a new analytical tool for investigating socio, psychological, and behavioral phenomena. PKI 14-22 amide,myristoylated The strengths of this method derive from the combination of the mindsponge mechanism's conceptual formulation power and Bayesian analysis's inferential advantages. The BMF-based research procedure includes six main steps, in which the mindsponge-based conceptualization and model construction is the key step that makes the method unique. Therefore, we elaborate on the fundamental components and functions of the mindsponge mechanism and summarize them into five memorable principles so that other researchers can capitalize directly. An exemplary analysis was performed using a dataset of 3071 Vietnamese entrepreneurs' decisiveness and perceptions of the likelihood of success/continuity to validate the method.•The paper provides five strong points of BMF analytics, originating from the good match between the mindsponge mechanism and Bayesian inference.•The paper also provides a step-by-step procedure for conducting BMF-based research.•The mindsponge mechanism's basic components and functions are elaborated and summarized into five core principles that can be applied directly for research conceptualization and model construction.The characterisation technologies have advanced rapidly in the last decade. From a qualitative observation of minerals with optical microscopy, more quantitative techniques have emerged. Examples are the SEM-based technologies that focus on mineralogical identification at the microscale and the X-ray microtomography systems that allow identifying rock features in three dimensions. Features such as rock texture and mineralogy have a degree of control on how the rock behaves in the processing plant and thus can affect the project's economic feasibility. None of the available measurement devices is currently capable of identifying all the aspects of rock characteristics that are of interest in linking mineralogy and texture to process response in a single measurement. However, through the integrated use of the techniques in a complementary approach is possible to generate the required suite of information about the mineralogical composition and mineral grain size and shape in a given sample. A multisource method for rock characterisation has been developed in this work. This method includes • A multistage imaging process that uses 2D and 3D microscopes • An object-segmentation technique to separate mineral grains in the photomicrographs for the quantification of mineralogical and textural properties. • A segmentation technique was developed to create particles of different sizes from a larger image.The coronavirus outbreak dramatically changed the work culture in the software industry. Most software practitioners began working remotely, which significantly revolutionized the traditional software processes landscape. Software development organizations have begun thinking about automating software processes to cope with the challenges raised by remote work. This special issue presents papers describing soft computing solutions for improving traditional software processes and capabilities. This editorial introduces the accepted papers and reflects on their contributions.Background  Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is widely practiced worldwide since its introduction to the world of proctology and replaced conventional hemorrhoidectomy in treating hemorrhoids. The technique of executing the procedure dictates the outcomes and complications. Here, we attempted to establish the cause of postoperative complications and attributed them to the presence of muscle of fibers in the excised doughnut specimens. Materials and Methods  A prospective observational analysis of histopathological specimens obtained from patients who underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy using procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids-03 circular staplers in the department of surgery of a tertiary care hospital in southern India was performed, and the correlation between the presence or absence of muscle fibers in the specimens and postoperative complications was evaluated. The patients were followed up for 12 months after the procedure. Results  In this study, 155 patients, including 54, 91, and 10 patients with Grade 2, Grine their technique of appropriate depth to avoid incorporation of muscle fibers while executing the procedure.This paper examines the utility of a wideband, physics-based model to determine human core body or brain temperature via microwave radiometry. Pennes's bioheat equation is applied to a six-layer human head model to generate the expected layered temperature profile during the development of a fever. The resulting temperature profile is fed into the forward electromagnetic (EM) model to determine the emitted brightness temperature at various points in time. To accurately retrieve physical temperature via radiometry, the utilized model must incorporate population variation statistics and cover a wide frequency band. The effect of human population variation on emitted brightness temperature is studied by varying the relevant thermal and EM parameters, and brightness temperature emissions are simulated from 0.1 MHz to 10 GHz. A Monte Carlo simulation combined with literature-derived statistical distributions for the thermal and EM parameters is performed to analyze population-level variation in resulting brightness temperature. Variation in thermal parameters affects the offset of the resulting brightness temperature signature, while EM parameter variation shifts the key maxima and minima of the signature. The layering of high and low permittivity layers creates these key maxima and minima via wave interference. This study is one of the first to apply a coherent model to and the first to examine the effect of population-representative variable distributions on radiometry for core temperature measurement. These results better inform the development of an on-body radiometer useful for core body temperature measurement across the human population.This article focuses on the implications of the IMF's surcharges policies, jointly with its de facto preferred creditor status, on the right to sustainable development of sovereign borrowers. The article argues that, while surcharges are not effective in limiting access to IMF credit, they inequitably distribute the IMF's operating costs, are disproportionate, pro-cyclical, very costly for developing countries, and non-transparent. Furthermore, if surcharges are theoretically a way to protect the IMF from potential risks of default, the article questions the IMF's de facto preferred creditor status, as it precisely denies the possibility of granting debt relief in case of insolvency, ultimately affecting the right to development of -mainly- middle-income borrowing countries.The SARS CoV-2 D614G variant circulated in Cuba in 2020. New viral variants were detected after the opening of the border in November 2020. We show the results of the genomic surveillance in Cuba from December 28, 2020, to September 28, 2021 and their relationship to the epidemiological situation in the country. A total of 1,406 nasopharyngeal exudates from COVID-19 patients were processed for RNA extraction and the 1836 bp fragment of the spike gene was amplified and sequenced. The mutations present were determined using the GISAID database. Prevalence ratios were estimated by fitting Poisson univariate and multivariate regression models to investigate associations between SARS-CoV-2 variant group (VOC, non-VOC) and disease outcome. Seventeen genetic variants were detected including VOC Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta, one variant of interest (VOI) (Lambda) and two previous VOI (A.2.5.1 and Zeta/P.2). Beta (34.77%), Delta (24.89%) and D614G (19%) variants were the most frequently detected. By June, Delta increased in frequency, displacing Beta. Disease severity increased significantly with age and VOC (PR =1.98, IC 95% 1.33-3.05, p less then 0.05). Genomic surveillance allowed us to identify the upsurge of novel variants. Coinciding with the higher epidemic period, multiple variants were co-circulating. Although we cannot rule out that failure in the transmission containment measures occurred, the increase in the number of cases associated with the circulation of several variants, particularly the Beta and Delta variants is highly suggestive. A greater association of Beta variant with clinical severity and Delta variant with a greater transmissibility was observed.Long-term observations and experiments in diverse drylands reveal how ecosystems and services are responding to climate change. To develop generalities about climate change impacts at dryland sites, we compared broadscale patterns in climate and synthesized primary production responses among the eight terrestrial, nonforested sites of the United States Long-Term Ecological Research (US LTER) Network located in temperate (Southwest and Midwest) and polar (Arctic and Antarctic) regions. All sites experienced warming in recent decades, whereas drought varied regionally with multidecadal phases. Multiple years of wet or dry conditions had larger effects than single years on primary production. Droughts, floods, and wildfires altered resource availability and restructured plant communities, with greater impacts on primary production than warming alone. During severe regional droughts, air pollution from wildfire and dust events peaked. Studies at US LTER drylands over more than 40 years demonstrate reciprocal links and feedbacks among dryland ecosystems, climate-driven disturbance events, and climate change.