Smithkastrup8349

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and is a heavy burden, not only for the patient and his or her environment but also in economic and social terms. 35% of depressed patients do not recover after standard treatment with medication or psychotherapy. There is a need for more effective treatment options for depression. In recent decades, new forms of brain stimulation have been developed for the treatment of depression, the most important of which is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS uses magnetic pulses to influence brain activity. Meta-analyses show approximately 30-40% of patients respond to treatment with repetitive TMS. The depression goes into remission in about 20-30% of cases. Research has led to new treatment protocols and variations on the conventional TMS method. More research into the effectiveness of these developments is needed. We recommend using TMS as an add-on treatment more often when the patient has completed two steps of the treatment guideline.Thanks to new developments in the field of 3D printing, surgeons have been able to use 3D-printed templates for correction osteotomy of the distal radius; recently, 3D-printed titanium implants, tailor-made for patients, have been introduced. This technique makes it possible to fix the bone elements in an anatomical position when performing a correction osteotomy in patients with complex malunions of the distal radius. In this article we discuss this new technique and illustrate it through presentation of a case.Glaucoma is a widespread sight-threatening condition often only recognized when very pronounced. It is initially characterized by peripheral visual field losses, while advanced stages also affect the central vision. Some of these patients may experience visual hallucinations, the Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we provide an overview of the literature dealing with the prevalence of CBS in patients with glaucoma. click here We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central and PsycInfo on 22 March 2020. Eight studies (n = 827 patients) were identified and included for a qualitative and quantitative analysis. No studies included a representative sample of patients with only glaucoma. In patients with glaucoma in different stages and with ocular comorbidities, prevalence of CBS was 2.8% (CI95% 0.7-6.1%). Among patients with glaucoma where all had bilateral low visual acuity, prevalence of CBS was 13.5% (CI95% 8.4-19.6%). In patients with glaucoma who visited vision rehabilitation clinics, presumably due to an extensive vision impairment, prevalence of CBS was 20.1% (CI95% 16.8-23.6%). Risk factors of CBS besides low vision were high age, female gender, reduced contrast sensitivity and not living alone. Taken together, we find that CBS may not be rare in patients with advanced glaucoma with and without ocular comorbidities. However, limitations of the current literature should be highlighted and careful approach towards conclusions is important. More studies are needed to better understand the prevalence and risk factors among different populations of patients with glaucoma.

To evaluate changes in the tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) in cataract patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) after cataract surgery.

We recruited consecutive cataract patients and recorded data regarding DM condition. Lipid layer thickness (LLT) and partial blinks rates measured with the LipiView interferometer, tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer's tests, and dry eye symptoms evaluated with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were conducted before and one month after cataract surgery.

Finally, 38 age-related cataract (ARC) and 31 diabetic cataract (DC) patients were available for analysis. No significant difference in preoperative LLT and partial blink rates was found between ARC and DC group. However, preoperative TBUT and Schirmer's test results were significantly lower in DC group compared to ARC group (both p<0.001). DC group showed higher preoperative OSDI score with no significant difference than ARC group (p=0.279). In DC group, LLT was significantly thinner in cases month after cataract surgery, leading to the aggravation of dry eye symptoms.

The tear film LLT is correlated with duration of DM and becomes significantly thinner one month after cataract surgery, leading to the aggravation of dry eye symptoms.

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) (US-guided FNAB) is a rapid and cost-effective procedure for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Our Institution has a long tradition in breast FNAB performed by cytopathologists; recently we adopted both US guidance and a five-tiered classification system similar to that proposed by the International Academy of Cytology (IAC). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the continuing role of US-guided FNAB in the diagnosis of breast lesions, despite the growing adoption of core-needle biopsy (CNB).

The laboratory information database system was searched to obtain the breast FNAB diagnostic reports recorded from 2010 to 2017 and classified using a five-tiered Classification System; each entry was matched with the available histology.

A total of 4624 breast FNAB samples were retrieved. Of these, 1745/4624 cases (37.7%) had histological follow-ups. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was 4.9% for benign, 20.7% for atypical, 78.7% for suspicious of malignancy, and inclusion of the atypical category as a low-risk indeterminate category avoided overtreatment of benign lesions. Thus, despite the well-established merits of CNB, US-guided FNAB still represents a cost-effective and rapid nonoperative diagnostic approach.

The current study was conducted to comprehensively investigate whether patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) are at a higher risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with individuals without AR by using systematic review and meta-analysis techniques to combine data from all available studies.

Systemic literature review was performed using EMBASE and MEDLINE databases up to March 2020. Eligible studies could be either case-control or cohort studies. Cohort studies had to evaluate whether patients with AR have a higher risk of incident SLE than comparators. Relative risk (RR) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the incidence of SLE between participants with and without AR had to be provided. Eligible case-control studies had to provide odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI comparing the prevalence of AR between cases with SLE and controls without SLE. Point estimates and standard errors from each eligible study were combined together using the generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.