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05; P = 3 × 10-5). Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and free androgen index increased as the PRS increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and SHBG decreased (all P < .0001). The association between the PRS and CAD appeared to be completely mediated by BMI, whereas the associations with T2DM and marked androgenic alopecia appeared to be partially mediated by BMI.

Genetic risk factors for PCOS have phenotypic consequences in men, indicating that they can act independently of ovarian function. Thus, PCOS in women may not always be a primary disorder of the ovaries.

Genetic risk factors for PCOS have phenotypic consequences in men, indicating that they can act independently of ovarian function. Thus, PCOS in women may not always be a primary disorder of the ovaries.

Crohn's disease (CD) phenotype differs between Asian and Western countries and may affect disease management, including decisions on surgery. This study aimed to compare the indications, postoperative management, and long-term prognosis after ileocecal resection (ICR) in Hong Kong (HK) and The Netherlands (NL).

CD patients with primary ICR between 2000 and 2019 were included. The endpoints were endoscopic (Rutgeerts' score ≥i2b and/or radiologic recurrence), clinical (start or switch of IBD medication) and surgical recurrences. Cumulative incidences of recurrence were estimated with a Bayesian multivariable proportional hazards model.

Eighty HK and 822 NL patients were included. The most common indication for ICR was penetrating disease (HK 32.5%, NL 22.5%) in HK versus stricturing disease (HK 32.5%, NL 48.8%) in NL (P<0.001). Postoperative prophylaxis was prescribed to 65 (81.3%) HK (28 [35.0%] amino salicylates [5-ASA]; 30 [37.5%] immunomodulators [IM]; 0 biologicals) versus 388 (47.1%) NL patientsr.

Endoscopic duodenal stent placement is an alternative technique to gastrojejunostomy for gastric outlet obstruction due to pancreatic cancer. We compared the efficacy of endoscopic duodenal stent placement with that of gastrojejunostomy for treating patients with pancreatic cancer who are candidates for intensive combination chemotherapies as the first line of treatment.

This retrospective observational study included 100 patients from 18 institutions in Japan. Inclusion criteria were as follows (1) cytologically or histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, (2) good performance status, (3) gastric outlet obstruction scoring system score of 0-1 and (4) no history of treatment for pancreatic cancer.

There was no significant difference in the background characteristics of patients in the endoscopic duodenal stent placement (n=57) and gastrojejunostomy (n=43) groups. The median overall survival in the endoscopic duodenal stent placement and gastrojejunostomy groups was 5.9 and 6.0months, respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 93 cases; the median time to food intake resumption was significantly shorter in the endoscopic duodenal stent placement group (median 3days, n=54) than in the gastrojejunostomy group (median 5days, n=43). Chemotherapy was introduced in 63% of the patients in both groups after endoscopic duodenal stent placement or gastrojejunostomy. Chemotherapy was started earlier in the endoscopic duodenal stent placement group (median 14days) than in the gastrojejunostomy (median 32days) group.

Endoscopic duodenal stent placement showed similar or better clinical outcomes than gastrojejunostomy. Thus, it might be a promising option in patients with good performance status.

Endoscopic duodenal stent placement showed similar or better clinical outcomes than gastrojejunostomy. Thus, it might be a promising option in patients with good performance status.

The ethyl acetate extraction of Artemisia ordosica Krasch (AOK) root showed anti-allergic rhinitis (AR) effect, while the active compounds and pharmacological targets were unknown.

The P815 degranulation was established by cell counting kit 8 assay, β-hexosaminidase releasing assay and toluidine blue staining. The flavonoids were screened in vitro. Then toluidine blue staining and ELISA were carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the active compound. Network pharmacology was implemented to explain the mechanisms of the active compound. iGEMDOCK was used to investigate the binding between active compound and hub targets.

C48/80 was the optimum reagent in triggering P815 degranulation. Naringenin could significantly decrease P815 degranulation. Meanwhile, naringenin could remarkably increase the IL-4 and decrease the tumour necrosis factor-α. The effect of naringenin on AR was achieved by regulating multiple targets (e.g. AKT1, MAPK3, VEGFA) and pathways (e.g. pathways in cancer, VEGF signalling pathway). Nine hub proteins were obtained by topological analysis. Multiple hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were formed between the naringenin and the residues of hub proteins.

Naringenin might be one of the effective ingredients of AOK against AR. And its effects could achieve through regulating multiple targets and pathways.

Naringenin might be one of the effective ingredients of AOK against AR. And its effects could achieve through regulating multiple targets and pathways.Deciphering and analyzing the neural correlates of different movements from the same limb using electroencephalography (EEG) would represent a notable breakthrough in the field of sensorimotor neurophysiology. Functional movements involve concurrent posture co-ordination and head and eye movements, which create electrical activity that affects EEG recordings. In this paper, we revisit the identification of brain signatures of different reaching movements using EEG and present, test, and validate a protocol to separate the effect of head and eye movements from a reaching task-related visuomotor brain activity. Ten healthy participants performed reaching movements under two different conditions avoiding head and eye movements and moving with no constrains. Reaching movements can be identified from EEG with unconstrained eye and head movement, whereas the discriminability of the signals drops to chance level otherwise. Gamcemetinib in vivo These results show that neural patterns associated with different arm movements could only be extracted from EEG if the eye and head movements occurred concurrently with the task, polluting the recordings. link2 Although these findings do not imply that brain correlates of reaching directions cannot be identified from EEG, they show the consequences that ignoring these events can have in any EEG study that includes a visuomotor task.

Polymedication and medication hoarding in patients' homes may increase the risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). Community pharmacists can prevent DRPs through medication reconciliation and review. This study aims to (1) develop a tool for community pharmacists to perform domiciliary medication review (ReMeDo) and (2) assess the interrater and test-retest reliability and acceptability of the tool.

The ReMeDo tool was first developed 6 years before this study to perform medication review during pharmacist home visits. A literature review was performed to update the content of the existing tool. Ten pharmacy students participated in the assessment of the interrater and test-retest reliability using three vignettes based on former ReMeDo patients. Test-retest reliability coefficients were calculated for the entire tool and each segment. Global and individual interrater reliability coefficients were also computed. Acceptability was assessed through a satisfaction survey.

The ReMeDo tool was structured to guide the collection of information before, during and after the pharmacist home visit. The global kappa coefficients for interrater and test-retest reliability were 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67 to 0.73) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.74), respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients for each segment and the interrater reliability coefficients for participants were higher than 0.60 (except for one participant), demonstrating a moderate to substantial level of agreement. The tool was deemed acceptable by participants.

The ReMeDo tool proved to be reliable and acceptable for use by community pharmacists to perform medication review in patients' homes.

The ReMeDo tool proved to be reliable and acceptable for use by community pharmacists to perform medication review in patients' homes.Premature birth is associated with a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments in surviving infants. The hippocampus is known to be critical for learning and memory, yet the putative effects of hippocampal dysfunction remain poorly understood in preterm neonates. In particular, while asymmetry of the hippocampus has been well noted both structurally and functionally, how preterm birth impairs hippocampal development and to what extent the hippocampus is asymmetrically impaired by preterm birth have not been well delineated. In this study, we compared volumetric growth and shape development in the hippocampal hemispheres and structural covariance (SC) between hippocampal vertices and cortical thickness in cerebral cortex regions between two groups. We found that premature infants had smaller volumes of the right hippocampi only. Lower thickness was observed in the hippocampal head in both hemispheres for preterm neonates compared with full-term peers, though preterm neonates exhibited an accelerated age-related change of hippocampal thickness in the left hippocampi. link3 The SC between the left hippocampi and the limbic lobe of the premature infants was severely impaired compared with the term-born neonates. These findings suggested that the development of the hippocampus during the third trimester may be altered following early extrauterine exposure with a high degree of asymmetry.The association between non-small cell lung cancer histology and programmed death-ligand 1 expression remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed histological dependence of the programmed death-ligand 1 expression by a multiple regression analysis of 356 non-small cell lung cancer patients. The programmed death-ligand 1 expression patterns of adenocarcinoma were consistent with a pathological predominant growth pattern as a reference to papillary adenocarcinoma minimally invasive adenocarcinoma[partial regression coefficient (B), 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.59], lepidic adenocarcinoma (B, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.90), acinar adenocarcinoma (B, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.76) and solid adenocarcinoma (B, 5.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.20-11.9). In histology other than adenocarcinoma, the programmed death-ligand 1 expression tended to be high with poor differentiation adenosquamous carcinoma (B, 4.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-16.6), squamous cell carcinoma (B, 4.32; 95% confidence interval, 2.45-7.62) and pleomorphic carcinoma (B, 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.43-38.2). We showed quantitatively that the programmed death-ligand 1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer tended to be clearly histology-dependent, with more poorly differentiated histology showing a higher expression.

To assess antibiotic dispensing knowledge and practice among dispensing staff who may or may not have a formal pharmacy qualification working in pharmacies near teaching hospitals in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

A face-to-face cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 dispensing staff. The data were analysed using SPSS 20 to measure descriptive statistics and logistic regressions.

Among 220 participants, half of them (50.0%) had inadequate knowledge and slightly less than half of the participants (46.4%) had poor antibiotics dispensing practices.

The government authority should develop and implement a plan for continuous professional education programmes and frequent monitoring of pharmacies to address inadequate antibiotic dispensing knowledge and poor practice.

The government authority should develop and implement a plan for continuous professional education programmes and frequent monitoring of pharmacies to address inadequate antibiotic dispensing knowledge and poor practice.