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Breast hypertrophy is a chronic health problem. Until now, reduction mammaplasty is still a critical treatment for this disease. Given the publications, which reviewed the relationship between operation and quality of life, based on nonrandomized controlled studies and how low their quality are. Thus, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of reduction mammaplasty in improving health-related quality of life based on high-quality randomized-controlled trials.

A systematic search of the following databases PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, BIOSIS previews, and GreyNet. All the English publications have been searched without any restrictions of time, countries, or article type. Studies examining the effects of breast reduction versus control group on postoperative quality of life were included. Data on studies, patient characteristics, outcome measures were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.

In all, 7 randomized-controlled trials involving 285 participants were included, in which 4 studies were pooled in the meta-analysis. Because of the effect of reduction mammaplasty, statistically significant improvements were found on pain (standardised mean difference [SMD], -1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.63 to -0.96; P < 0.00001), physical function (SMD, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.69-1.25; P < 0.00001) and psychological function (SMD, -0.79; 95% CI, -1.07 to -0.52; P < 0.00001).

Our findings based on the randomized-controlled trials suggest that the quality of life of women undergoing breast reduction surgery is significantly improved. Reduction mammaplasty is an effective treatment for symptomatic breast hypertrophy.

Our findings based on the randomized-controlled trials suggest that the quality of life of women undergoing breast reduction surgery is significantly improved. Reduction mammaplasty is an effective treatment for symptomatic breast hypertrophy.

Split earlobe deformity typically results from earring-related trauma or, less commonly, from congenital malformation. Several surgical approaches to repair the earlobe have been described, with the goals of reconstructing normal contour of the earlobe, avoiding notching of the free margin, and minimizing scar visibility.

The authors reviewed 26 consecutive patients who underwent earlobe reconstruction using the senior author's novel technique, which involves anterior straight-line closure paired with a posterior Z-plasty. Baseline demographic characteristics, etiology of split earlobe, follow-up, outcomes, and rate of complications were analyzed.

The median age at surgical repair was 8.04 (interquartile range, 4.53-12.84) years. Most patients had acquired split earlobe deformity secondary to trauma. Median follow-up was 86.5 (interquartile range, 29-385.5) days. Only 4 patients had less than satisfactory results, 3 having residual contour abnormality and 1 noting earlobe asymmetry. None of these patients desired revision. No keloid formation, dehiscence, or other postoperative complications were reported.

The authors describe a novel and effective surgical technique that successfully reconstructs split earlobe deformity. This technique minimizes visible scarring with an anterior straight-line repair combined with posterior Z-plasty to avoid notching.

The authors describe a novel and effective surgical technique that successfully reconstructs split earlobe deformity. This technique minimizes visible scarring with an anterior straight-line repair combined with posterior Z-plasty to avoid notching.

In brachial plexus injuries, useful recovery of arm function has been documented in most patients after phrenic nerve transfer after variable follow-up durations, but there is not much information about long-term functional outcomes. In addition, there is still some concern that respiratory complications might become manifest with aging. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of phrenic nerve transfer after a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

Twenty-six patients were reviewed and evaluated clinically. Age at surgery averaged 25.2 years and follow-up averaged 9.15 years.

Shoulder abduction and external rotation achieved by transfer of phrenic to axillary nerve (or posterior division of upper trunk), combined with spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer, were better than that achieved by transfer of phrenic to suprascapular nerve, combined with grafting the posterior division of upper trunk from C5, 52.3 and 45.5 degrees versus 47.5 and 39.4 degrees, respectively. There was no difference in abduction when the phrenic nerve was transferred directly to the posterior division of upper trunk or to the axillary nerve using nerve graft. Elbow flexion (≥M3 MRC) was achieved in 5 (83.3%) of 6 cases. Elbow extension M4 MRC or greater was achieved in 4 (66.6%) of 6 cases. All patients, including those who exceeded the age of 45 years and those who had concomitant intercostal nerve transfer, continued to have no respiratory symptoms.

The long-term follow-up confirms the safety and effectiveness and of phrenic nerve transfer for functional restoration of shoulder and elbow functions in brachial plexus avulsion injuries.

The long-term follow-up confirms the safety and effectiveness and of phrenic nerve transfer for functional restoration of shoulder and elbow functions in brachial plexus avulsion injuries.

Subungual exostosis is a benign tumor that occurs under the nail plate of the distal phalanx and causes nail deformity and pain. There are many reports of recurrence and postoperative nail deformity, and the surgical approach needs to be reassessed. Two typical surgical approaches are from the nail fold and the nail bed. Here, we compare 2 surgical approaches for subungual exostosis that were performed in our department. Twenty-three cases of subungual exostosis were treated between 2010 and 2019; 12 cases were treated by the nail fold approach and 11 by the microscopic nail bed approach. The nail fold approach resulted in not only scarring but also nail deformities, such as onychodystrophy. There were 2 (18.2%) cases of recurrence. In the microscopic nail bed approach, there was no case of recurrence. It was possible to preserve the thinned nail bed by dissecting under a microscope, and the thinned nail bed did not become necrotic in any cases. To solve postoperative nail deformity and a high recurrence rae was no case of recurrence. It was possible to preserve the thinned nail bed by dissecting under a microscope, and the thinned nail bed did not become necrotic in any cases. To solve postoperative nail deformity and a high recurrence rate, sufficient resection and meticulous surgical procedure on the nail bed and nail matrix are essential. The microscopic nail bed approach satisfied both of these criteria and was considered to be a useful method for subungual exostosis.

The Internet has a plethora of online patient education resources for many symptoms and diseases. National medical governing bodies recommend that patient education materials are written at or below the eighth-grade level, and the literature suggests that health literacy has been linked to increased adherence to treatment regimens and improved outcomes. The primary aim of the study is to assess the readability of online patient materials relating to gynecomastia and ascertain the availability of patient materials in non-English languages.

The readability of patient education materials relating to gynecomastia for academic-based websites and nonacademic websites was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). The prevalence of non-English patient education materials was assessed for both academic-based and nonacademic websites.

Fifty-eight documents were collected across academic websites. Overall median values were 10.7 for the FKGL, 47.0 for the FRE, and 11.4 for the SMOG. For the 10 nonacademic institutions, the overall median values were 10.6 for the FKGL, 45.2 for the FRE, and 10.8 for the SMOG. No appreciable differences were observed for readability when stratified by region or source. The prevalence of non-English patient materials was 19.1% across institutions. None of the noninstitutional materials had information in non-English languages.

The readability of patient education materials related to gynecomastia is at higher levels than recommended by national organizations. There are limited non-English patient education materials. Future efforts should focus on improving the readability and accessibility of patient materials.

The readability of patient education materials related to gynecomastia is at higher levels than recommended by national organizations. click here There are limited non-English patient education materials. Future efforts should focus on improving the readability and accessibility of patient materials.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently recognized malignancy of T-lymphocytes that is linked to certain types of textured breast implants. Although rare, the increasing awareness of the disease is resulting in more case reports and heightened anxiety in patients with textured breast implants. This review aims to summarize the available BIA-ALCL data, including the existing theories of etiopathogenesis, the diagnostic work-up for BIA-ALCL patients, BIA-ALCL treatment recommendations, the epidemiologic challenges, and the current opinions surrounding the use of textured breast implants.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently recognized malignancy of T-lymphocytes that is linked to certain types of textured breast implants. Although rare, the increasing awareness of the disease is resulting in more case reports and heightened anxiety in patients with textured breast implants. This review aims to summarize the available BIA-ALCL data, including the existing theories of etiopathogenesis, the diagnostic work-up for BIA-ALCL patients, BIA-ALCL treatment recommendations, the epidemiologic challenges, and the current opinions surrounding the use of textured breast implants.

The aims of the study were to explore the application of endoscopy in the correction of septal deviation and nasal skeletal deviation in crooked nose deformity and, using multiple evaluation methods, to investigate the effect of endoscopy-assisted 1-stage surgery in restoring crooked nose airway function and aesthetic morphology.

From March 2015 to March 2018, 45 patients with nasal septum and skeletal deviation were treated with endoscopy-assisted septoplasty simultaneously with rhinoplasty. The follow-up period was at least 8 months. Treatment effects were evaluated both objectively and subjectively using various methods.

All cases showed certain degree of airway function and nose morphology improvement. In patients with abnormal nasal ventilation, the volume and minimal cross-sectional area increased significantly after the surgery (t = 2.470 and 3.134, respectively, P < 0.05). External nose deviation distance measured on 3-dimensional models decreased significantly from 3.230 ± 1.661 mm to 1.997 ± 1.