Skyttemejia8378

ng in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones. The current results provide novel perspectives for revealing potential protein targets of SNS in depression.Carthamus tinctorius L.(Safflower), a herbal formula from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been widely used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, particularly cerebral infarction (CI) or cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, we know very little about the specific mechanisms associated with the therapeutic effect of Safflower on CI. In this study, we used a network pharmacology-based approach, together with rat model of CI, to gain more insight into of such mechanisms. Our analysis showed that Safflower contains 52 active compounds that target 247 genes, which were also cross-referenced with 299 genes associated with CI. Consequently, we identified 52 target genes in Safflower that were associated with CI. JNJ-64264681 These 52 target genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, leading to the identification of 1491 biological process items, 90 molecular function items and 19 cell assembly items. Eighty-nine pathways were generated by KEGG enrichment (P  less then  0.05). Next, we investigated the effect of the extract of safflower (ES) and Safflower extract phospholipid complex (ESPC), delivered via the nasal route, on an animal model of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Our data confirmed that Safflower was able to treat CI by the regulating the TNF-α/MAPK pathway via CASP3. The therapeutic effect of ES and ESPC on CI acts by improving the circulation of blood in the central nervous system, reducing the inflammatory reaction, inhibiting apoptosis, and by protecting brain nerve cells from injury.Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of a type of encephalitis called Primary Amoebic Encephalitis (PAM). Almost 98 % of PAM cases reported worldwide are fatal and affect mostly immunocompetent children and young adults. The current therapeutic option against PAM cases includes a combination of miltefosine, amphotericin B and other drugs which are unfortunately associated with severe side effects. In a recent study in our group, statins were tested in vitro against Naegleria fowleri trophozoites showing activity against these pathogens at low concentrations causing low toxicity. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop novel PAM therapeutic options. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the pathway of cell death induced by two of the previously tested molecules, fluvastatin and atorvastatin. Moreover, these statins were compared to miltefosine and amphotericin B. Furthermore, the induction of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) instead of necrosis in treated amoebae would be the ideal situation since necrosis could lead to non-desired inflammation processes in the infected individual. The obtained results revealed that both statins induced PCD in the treated amoebae after the observation of condensed chromatin, cell membrane damages, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels collapse and ROS generation. In conclusion, both fluvastatin and atorvastatin could be potential new candidates for PAM therapy since they are active at low concentrations, induce low toxicity and cause PCD in the treated amoebae, hence avoiding the activation of inflammation pathways.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly recognized in pediatric clinical care as adding essential information relevant to actual care. However, the effectiveness of using PROs in pediatric clinical settings has not been fully explored with synthesized evidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using patient-reported outcomes in pediatric clinical practices.

We searched four English and three Chinese databases to identify studies that examine the effectiveness of using PROs in pediatric clinical practices published from the inception date of each database to January 2020.

Ten articles met the inclusion criteria.

There was wide a variation in the ten studies' designs, samples, PROs administered (type, length, timing, mode), and type of outcomes evaluated. The effect sizes of using PROs on three categories of outcomes (patient, process of care and health service) were assessed. Of 70 measured outcomes, 32 were positive, 5 were negative, and 33 were mixed.

Overall, there is a weak but trending positive impact of using PROs in pediatric clinical practice.

More rigorous study designs with sources of bias controlled are needed to more directly assess the impact of using PROs in pediatric care. If findings continue to be positive, then an implementation model addressing the numerous influencing factors is recommended to integrate PROs into pediatric care.

More rigorous study designs with sources of bias controlled are needed to more directly assess the impact of using PROs in pediatric care. If findings continue to be positive, then an implementation model addressing the numerous influencing factors is recommended to integrate PROs into pediatric care.The aim of this study was to evaluate marine algae extracts in terms of their anti-inflammatory activity using a combination of chromatographic separation and chemical detection with subsequent infrared vibrational spectroscopy identification. Extraction parameters, chemical fingerprint, and the activity levels were considered for the method optimization. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with microchemical derivatization, was used to separate and detect bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activities, and to detect different classes of terpenoids. Infrared attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectral analysis of the bands with bioactive compounds, identified sulfated polysaccharides to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity in extracts of brown algae Carpoglossum confluens and Phyllospora comosa. Steroids as unique antioxidants with significant free radical scavenging activities were observed in extracts of brown algae Cystophora platylobium, Cystophora retorta, Carpoglossum confluens and Phyllospora comosa. HPTLC combined with biochemical assays and FTIR-ATR spectrometry was demonstrated to be a straightforward strategy for bioprofiling marine algae extracts.