Skovpiper2671

001).

This study offers evidence that two doses of sIPV administered at 4 and 8-11 months of age and three doses of sIPV administered at 2, 3, and 4 months of age both provide serological protection against poliomyelitis. Median reciprocal titres of polio antibodies were high overall, and were more related to the interval between doses than the number of doses, with the longer interval of the 2-dose schedule producing higher reciprocal titres than the shorter-interval 3-dose schedule. The protection provided by the 3-dose schedule is achieved earlier in life than the protection with the 2-dose schedule. Countries planning to use an IPV-only schedule in the post-eradication era can consider this 2-dose sIPV option as an immunogenic and dose-sparing strategy.

World Health Organization (from a grant from International PolioPlus Committee, Rotary International, Evanston, IL, USA).

World Health Organization (from a grant from International PolioPlus Committee, Rotary International, Evanston, IL, USA).

Myanmar has set national hepatitis C (HCV) targets to achieve 50% of people diagnosed and 50% treated by 2030. The WHO has additional targets of reducing incidence by 80% and mortality by 65% by 2030. We aimed to estimate the impact, cost, cost-effectiveness and net economic benefit of achieving these targets.

Mathematical models of HCV transmission, disease progression and the care cascade were calibrated to 15 administrative regions of Myanmar. Cost data were collected from a community testing and treatment program in Yangon. this website Three scenarios were projected for 2020-2030 (1) baseline (current levels of testing/treatment); and testing/treatment scaled up sufficiently to reach (2) the national strategy targets; and (3) the WHO targets.

Without treatment scale-up, 333,000 new HCV infections and 97,000 HCV-related deaths were estimated to occur in Myanmar 2020-2030, with HCV costing a total $100 million in direct costs (testing, treatment, disease management) and $10.4 billion in lost productivity. In the model, treating 55,000 people each year was sufficient to reach the national strategy targets and prevented a cumulative 40,000 new infections (12%) and 25,000 HCV-related deaths (25%) 2020-2030. This was estimated to cost a total $189 million in direct costs ($243 per DALY averted compared to no treatment scale-up), but only $9.8 billion in lost productivity, making it cost-saving from a societal perspective by 2024 with an estimated net economic benefit of $553 million by 2030. Reaching the WHO targets required further treatment scale-up and additional direct costs but resulted in greater longer-term benefits.

Current levels of HCV testing and treatment in Myanmar are insufficient to reach the national strategy targets. Scaling up HCV testing and treatment in Myanmar to reach the national strategy targets is estimated to generate significant health and economic benefits.

Gilead Sciences.

Gilead Sciences.

There is heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations and responses to drugs in RA patients due to variety of factors such as genes and environment. Despite advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), approximately 40% of RA patients still do not achieve primary clinical outcomes in randomized trials, and its low remission rate and high economic consumption remain unresolved, especially in developing countries. Iguratimod (IGU) is a new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) with a low price that has demonstrated good efficacy and safety in clinical trials and was approved for active RA in China and Japan. As the most populous country in the Western Pacific region, it is warranted to conduct a study with a large scale of patients in a real-life setting. Our study confirms the new option for RA patients, which is potentially benificial for public health in developing countries.

This was a nationwide, prospective real-world study of IGU. Eligible subjects were active adult RA patients whoom baseline were -7•4±9•18 and -8•5±9•97, respectively (all

<0•001). Stratified analysis results showed that the patients with shorter disease duration, male gender had better response to IGU. There was no significant difference in ACR20/50/70 responses between elderly patients(≥65 years) and younger patients(<65 years), IGU monotherapy or combined with other DMARDs. However, more fractures (1•1%

0•5%;

=0•64) and infections (8•7%

7•9%;

=0•69) were observed in elderly patients in our study.

Our results confirmed the effectiveness and safety of IGU as a new DMARD for active patients with RA as monotherapy or combination therapy.

This study was supported by "the 11th Five-Year-Plan for Science and Technology Support Program (2012ZX09104-103-01)".

This study was supported by "the 11th Five-Year-Plan for Science and Technology Support Program (2012ZX09104-103-01)".

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are uncommon and their frequency is regionally heterogeneous. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of this disease entity, but the majority of these were conducted in limited areas, making it difficult to comprehensively analyze their relative frequency and clinical features. Furthermore, no consensus treatment for PTCLs has been established. Therefore, we conducted an Asia-specific study to understand the relative frequency of PTCLs and assess treatments and their outcomes in Asian patients.

We performed a multinational, multicenter, prospective registry of adult patients with PTCLs that was named as the International Cooperative non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma prospective registry study where thirty-two institutes from six Asian countries and territories (Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia) participated.

A total of 486 patients were registered between April 2016 and February 2019, and more thareatment outcome of salvage chemotherapy was disappointing, and none of the salvage strategies showed superiority to one another.

This multinational, multicenter study identified the relative frequency of each subtype of PTCLs across Asian countries, and the survival outcomes according to the therapeutic strategies currently used.

Samsung Biomedical Research Institute.

Samsung Biomedical Research Institute.

Estimating the cost of postoperative respiratory complications is crucial in developing appropriate strategies to mitigate the global and national economic burden. However, systematic analysis of the economic burden in low- and middle-income countries is lacking.

We used the nationwide database of the Vietnam Social Insurance agency and extracted data from January 2017 to September 2018. The data contain 1 241 893 surgical patients undergoing one of seven types of surgery. Propensity score matching method was used to match cases with and without complications. We used generalized gamma regressions to estimate the direct medical costs; logistic regressions to evaluate the impact of postoperative respiratory complications on re-hospitalization and outpatient visits.

Postoperative respiratory complications increased the odds of re-hospitalization and outpatient visits by 3·49 times (95% CI 3·35-3·64) and 1·39 times (95% CI 1·34-1·45) among surgical patients, respectively. The mean incremental cost associated with postoperative respiratory complications occurring within 30 days of the index admission was 1053·3 USD (95% CI 940·7-1165·8) per procedure, which was equivalent to 41% of the GDP per capita of Vietnam in 2018. We estimated the national annual incremental cost due to respiratory complications occurring within 30 days after surgery was 13·87 million USD. link2 Pneumonia contributed the greatest part of the annual cost burden of postoperative respiratory complications.

The economic burden of postoperative respiratory complications is substantial at both individual and national levels. Postoperative respiratory complications also increase the odds of re-hospitalization and outpatient visits and increase the length of hospital stay among surgical patients.

The authors did not receive any funds for conducting this study.

The authors did not receive any funds for conducting this study.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of disability among young adults and effects considerable social and economic burdens. Data of MS incidence in China at the national level is lacking. We conducted the first nationwide hospital-based study to estimate the incidence and hospitalization burden of MS in China.

This study is based on an administrative database of the National Hospital Quality Monitoring System, which covers all 1665 tertiary hospitals in mainland China. The "Medical Record Homepage" of all patients, including 346 variables including demographic characteristics, diagnoses, procedures, and expenses etc., were uniformly collected across each tertiary hospital via standard protocol. MS was defined by the 2010 International Panel criteria for MS and was identified by ICD-10 code (G35•0).

We identified 27,336 hospital admissions for 15,060 MS patients from 2016 to 2018; amongst these patients, 9,879 were newly diagnosed. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence per 100,000 person-years is 0•2ina (81801199, 91642205, and 81830038); Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing.

Early-life risk factors, including maternal hyperglycaemia and birthweight, are thought to contribute to the high burden of cardiometabolic disease experienced by Indigenous populations. We examined rates of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and extremes of birthweight over three decades in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia.

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the NT Perinatal Data Collection from 1987 to 2016, including all births >20 weeks gestation, stratified by maternal Aboriginal identification. Key outcomes were annual rates of pre-existing diabetes, GDM, small-for-gestational-age, large-for-gestational-age, low birthweight (<2500 g), and high birthweight (>4000 g). Logistic regression was used to assess trends and interactions.

109 349 babies were born to 64 877 mothers, 36% of whom identified as Aboriginal ethnicity. Among Aboriginal women, rates of GDM and pre-existing diabetes, respectively, were 3 · 4% and 0 · 6% in 1987 and rose to 13% and 5 · 7% in 2016 (both trends

<0 · 001). Among non-Aboriginal women, rates of GDM increased from 1 · 9% in 1987 to 11% in 2016 (

<0 · 001), while pre-existing diabetes was uncommon (≤0 · 7% throughout). Rates of small-for-gestational-age decreased, while rates of large-for-gestational-age and high birthweight increased in both groups (all trends

<0 · 001). Multivariable modelling suggests that hyperglycaemia was largely responsible for the growing rate of large-for-gestational-age births among Aboriginal women.

The burden of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy has grown substantially in the NT over three decades and is impacting birthweight trends. link3 The prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes in Aboriginal women is among the highest in the world.

Diabetes Australia Research Program.

Diabetes Australia Research Program.