Skovhalberg4528

American Indian youth experience high rates of child sexual abuse (CSA). To date, however, we are aware of no programs that have assessed outcomes associated with an evidence-based CSA prevention program among American Indian children. The purpose of the proposed study was to assess the preliminary acceptability and efficacy of IMpower, a 12-hour curriculum that teaches children how to identify their anatomy, recognize risk, say "no," and tell others if they are being hurt. Using a non-randomized, single-arm pilot trial methodology (N = 48 4th and 5th graders), we found that some domains of children's knowledge of CSA as well as their efficacy to resist an attack increased from pre- to posttest. Moreover, 83% of children reported that they liked IMpower, and 96% of children reported that IMpower helped keep them safe. These data provide preliminary evidence that IMpower is an acceptable and effective CSA prevention initiative that requires further evaluation with American Indian children.We performed a high-throughput whole-genome RNAi screen to identify novel inhibitors of ciliogenesis in normal and basal breast cancer cells. Our screen uncovered a previously undisclosed, extensive network of genes linking integrin signaling and cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) with inhibition of ciliation in both normal and cancer cells. Surprisingly, a cohort of genes encoding ECM proteins was also identified. We characterized several ciliation inhibitory genes and showed that their silencing was accompanied by altered cytoskeletal organization and induction of ciliation, which restricts cell growth and migration in normal and breast cancer cells. Conversely, supplying an integrin ligand, vitronectin, to the ECM rescued the enhanced ciliation observed on silencing this gene. Aberrant ciliation could also be suppressed through hyperactivation of the YAP/TAZ pathway, indicating a potential mechanistic basis for our findings. Our findings suggest an unanticipated reciprocal relationship between ciliation and cellular adhesion to the ECM and provide a resource that could vastly expand our understanding of controls involving "outside-in" and "inside-out" signaling that restrain cilium assembly.This study examined associations between child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors' self-definition status (i.e., whether or not survivors self-identified as sexually abused) and multiple measures of psychopathology, self-system functioning, and risk behaviors. We evaluated the hypothesis that survivors with concordant abuse perceptions (i.e., individuals who reported objective CSA and self-defined as sexually abused) would evidence more pronounced adjustment difficulties in young adulthood than survivors with discordant perceptions (i.e., individuals who reported objective CSA but did not self-define as sexually abused). In this large and ethnically diverse college student sample (N = 2,195; 63.8% female, 36.2% male; 83.3% nonwhite), objective experiences of CSA were associated with increased psychopathology, decreased self-system functioning, and increased risk behaviors, but the magnitude of these effects varied by survivors' self-definition status. Relative to their nonmaltreated peers, survivors with concordant abuse perceptions evidenced the largest elevations in psychopathology and risk behaviors, whereas survivors with discordant abuse perceptions evidenced the largest deficits in self-system functioning. These findings indicate that standard screening criteria may misidentify a sizable group of CSA survivors because these individuals do not perceive their experiences as "abuse." Efforts to understand the meaning ascribed to CSA experiences may profitably guide clinical interventions to enhance specific domains of functioning.The most common diagnoses after childhood sexual abuse are Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and depression. The aim of this study is to design a decision support system to help psychiatry physicians in the treatment of childhood sexual abuse. Computer aided decision support system (CADSS) based on ANN, which predicts the development of PTSD and Major Depressive Disorder, using different parameters of the act of abuse and patients was designed. The data of 149 girls and 21 boys who were victims of sexual abuse were included in the study. In the designed CADDS, the gender of the victim, the type of sexual abuse, the age of exposure, the duration until reporting, the time of abuse, the proximity of the abuser to the victim, number of sexual abuse, whether the child is exposed to threats and violence during the abuse, the person who reported the event, and the intelligence level of the victim are used as input parameters. The average accuracy values for all three designed systems were calculated as 99.2%. It has been shown that the system designed by using these data can be used safely in the psychiatric assessment process, in order to differentiate psychiatric diagnoses in the early post-abuse period.Objective This study sought to assess the prevalence and correlates of loneliness among in-school adolescents in Ghana using data obtained from the 2012 Global School-based Health Survey conducted in Ghana. Results A total of 1 266 in-school adolescents participated in the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine the prevalence and correlates of loneliness. The prevalence of loneliness was 18.4%. Adolescents who felt hungry in-school (AOR = 0.43), those who used tobacco (AOR = 2.31), those who used alcohol (AOR = 1.71), those who felt anxious (AOR = 2.44), those who were bullied (AOR = 1.55), and those who sustained an injury (AOR = 1.33) were more likely to feel lonely than those who did not go hungry in-school, those who did not feel anxious, those who did not use alcohol, and those who did not experience bullying. Adolescents in Senior High School 4, those who were connected (AOR = 0.33), and bonded (AOR = 0.21) to their parents had lower odds of being lonely compared to those in Senior High School 1, those not connected, and those not bonded to their parents. Conclusion There is a need for loneliness prevention programs targeting improvement in parental support skills, helping adolescents develop friendship skills, counselling uptake, and prevent bullying victimisation in senior high schools in Ghana.Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have received attention as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. However, poor post-transplantation viability is a major hurdle in MSC-based therapy, despite encouraging results in many inflammatory disorders. Recently, three dimensional (3D)-cultured MSCs (MSC3D) were shown to have higher cell survival and enhanced anti-inflammatory effects, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which MSC3D gain the potential for enhanced cell viability. Herein, we found that macroautophagy/autophagy was highly induced and ROS production was suppressed in MSC3D as compared to 2D-cultured MSCs (MSC2D). Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy induction caused decreased cell viability and increased apoptotic activity in MSC3D. Furthermore, modulation of ROS production was closely related to the survival and apoptosis of MSC3D. We also observed that HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) was signilar matrix; FOXO3/FOXO3A forkhead box O3; HIF1A hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HMOX1/HO-1 heme oxygenase 1; HSCs hematopoietic stem cells; IL1A/IL-1α interleukin 1 alpha; IL1B/IL-1β interleukin 1 beta; IL8 interleukin 8; KEAP1 kelch like ECH associated protein 1; LAMP1 lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2 lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; MSC2D 2D-cultured MSCs; MSC3D 3D-cultured MSCs; MSCs mesenchymal stromal cells; NFE2L2/NRF2 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; PGE2 prostaglandin E2; PIK3C3/VPS34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PINK1 PTEN induced kinase 1; ROS reactive oxygen species; siRNA small interfering RNA; SIRT1 sirtuin 1; SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2; SQSTM1/p62 sequestosome 1; TGFB/TGF-β transforming growth factor beta.Objective To discuss and develop a statement on the current state of the evidence and opinion in Fear of Childbirth (FoC) and Tokophobia (Tocophobia), and to provide recommendations. Background A group met in 2019 to discuss the state of clinical and academic knowledge relating to FoC/Tokophobia. Five key areas were agreed as the focus of the meeting. Methods 12 internationally acknowledged experts, in this or a closely related area (e.g. PTSD) met to discuss their understanding of the evidence for FoC/ Tokophobia and current practice. The consensus described in this paper constitutes the expression of the general opinion of the participants and does not necessarily imply unanimity. Keys points Work focussed on tokophobia is recent and there remains a wide range of issues, which were addressed in the workshop including complexity in defining prevalence, a theoretical lack of understanding, which creates challenge for robust assessment and the identification of risk factors. An improved aetiological and developmental understanding of the tokophobia is required to underpin appropriate, effective and evidence-based interventions. Evaluation of pathways of care and relevant interventions, should be a focus of future research. Conclusion Significant gaps remain within the FoC/tokophobia knowledge base. Further research is necessary.Urothelial carcinoma is the most common urinary malignancy with a wide proportion of cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to evaluate Ki-67 and p63 immunoexpression and their correlation with grade and stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Fifty cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma were investigated and were submitted to immunohistochemical staining for p63 and Ki-67, which were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. A high percentage of p63 immunoexpression showed a significant association with low-grade tumors (P less then .05), while Ki-67 mean percentage of expression was higher in high-grade tumors, advanced stage and multiple tumors compared to low grade, early-stage and single tumors without statistical association. Furthermore, the mean percentage of p63 was higher in urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation compared to pure urothelial carcinoma with an absence of statistical significance. P63 could help in the identification of bladder tumors with squamous differentiation since identifying these cases is important regarding prognostic and therapeutic aspects. Ki 67 seems to be associated with features of bladder tumor progression as multiplicity, high grade and advanced stage.Neural prostheses are designed to counter the effects of neurotrauma and restore the fundamental building blocks of human experience including motor action, sensation, and meaningful communication with other individuals. Here, we present an overview of active avenues, open questions, and debated topics in neuroprosthetics, such as targeting the mechanisms of sensorimotor recovery and designing brain interfaces for scalability. We review leading opinions in this thriving field, aiming to inform translational practice toward clinical adoption.