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The legal conflict between the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) and Scientology about the role of brain researchers in the Nazi era is analyzed here through combining perspectives from the history of neuroscience and socio-legal history. In contrast to trials of Nazi war crimes against "euthanasia" perpetrators, the civil law case of the MPG against Scientology from 1972 until 1975 instead concerned the instrumentalization of the Nazi past of psychiatry and brain research for ideological and commercial motives. The Scientology case caused social and legal ripples, and its after effects extended to 1986, when the MPG considered taking legal steps against Aly's publication.The proportion of non-differentially expressed genes is an important quantity in microarray data analysis and an appropriate estimate of the same is used to construct adaptive multiple testing procedures. Most of the estimators for the proportion of true null hypotheses based on the thresholding, maximum likelihood and density estimation approaches assume independence among the gene expressions. Usually, sparse dependence structure is natural in modelling associations in microarray gene expression data and hence it is necessary to develop methods for accommodating the sparse dependence well within the framework of existing estimators. We propose a clustering based method to put genes in the same group that are not coexpressed using the estimated high dimensional correlation structure under sparse assumption as dissimilarity matrix. This novel method is applied to three existing estimators for the proportion of true null hypotheses. Extensive simulation study shows that the proposed method improves an existing estimator by making it less conservative and the corresponding adaptive Benjamini-Hochberg algorithm more powerful. The proposed method is applied to a microarray gene expression dataset of colorectal cancer patients and the results show gain in terms of number of differentially expressed genes. The R code is available at https//github.com/aniketstat/Proportiontion-of-true-null-under-sparse-dependence-2021.

Developing an effective population-level system of evidence-based parenting support capable of shifting (at a population level) rates of child maltreatment and social, emotional, and behavioral problems in children requires an integrated theory of change. This paper presents a systems-contextual model of change and identifies modifiable mechanisms that can potentially explain population-level changes in parenting and child outcomes.

Using the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program as an exemplar of a tiered, multi-level system of evidence-based parenting interventions, we discuss the putative mechanisms of change necessary to produce change in child behavior, parenting, practitioner behavior, and organizational changes to support the sustained implementation of an intervention.

A model of change is proposed that blends theoretical perspectives derived from social learning theory, self-regulation theory, applied behavior analysis, cognitive behavior principles, developmental theory, and principles derived from the fields of public health, implementation science, and economics to explain change in the behavior at the community wide level. Different types of interventions targeting different populations and mechanisms are used to illustrate how sustainable change in child and parent outcomes can be achieved.

Evidence supporting specific mechanisms and moderators of intervention effects are discussed as well as directions for future research on mechanisms.

Evidence supporting specific mechanisms and moderators of intervention effects are discussed as well as directions for future research on mechanisms.In the context of public health surveillance, the aim is to monitor the occurrence of health-related events. Among them, statistical process monitoring focuses very often on the monitoring of rates and proportions (i.e. values in (0,1)) such as the proportion of patients with a specific disease. A popular control chart that is able to detect quickly small to moderate shifts in process parameters is the exponentially weighed moving average control chart. There are various models that are used to describe values in (0,1). However, especially in the case of rare health events, zero values occur very frequently which, for example, denote the absence of the disease. In this paper, we study the performance and the statistical design of exponentially weighed moving average control charts for monitoring proportions that arise in a health-related framework. The proposed chart is based on the zero-inflated Beta distribution, a mixed (discrete-continuous) distribution, suitable for modelling data in [0,1). We use a Markov chain method to study the run length distribution of the exponentially weighed moving average chart. Also, we investigate the statistical design as well as the performance of the proposed charts. Comparisons with a Shewhart-type chart are also given. Finally, we provide an example for the practical implementation of the proposed charts.As the efficacy of low vision service provision is facilitated by clients' access to and proper use of low vision devices, the objective of this study was to evaluate an outpatient clinic-based low vision device lending library program and the functional and psychosocial impact that device use had upon clients. Twenty individuals borrowed portable video magnifiers during the study period. Line items from the Revised-Self-Report Assessment of Functional Visual Performance and the Reading Behavior Inventory were analyzed before and after device loan at two months. The Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale-10 and a semi-structured interview were also completed at two months. Reported improvements in reading performance and satisfaction levels on the Reading Behavior Inventory were significant (p less then .001). The Revised-Self-Report Assessment of Functional Visual Performance indicated improved independence in reading medications, bills and labels. Higher scores in happiness, independence, sense of control and adaptability on the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale-10 indicated device retention at two months. Qualitative themes included improved independence, time needed to acclimate to the device, personal appraisal impacting motivation and challenges specific to low vision. This article provides occupational therapists a model to facilitate access, person-device fit and successful use of low vision devices to promote therapy outcomes.Purpose There has been limited academic exploration of the history of speech-language pathology (SLP). This article uses oral histories to explore the experiences reported by speech-language pathologists who began to practise in Australia and Britain, two politically related, but geographically very distant and distinct countries, in the first three decades after the Second World War.Method Archived oral history transcripts from eight Australian and sixteen British speech-language pathologists were analysed using thematic network analysis (TNA).Result Two global themes are reported, "personal stories" and "professional stories". Sodium dichloroacetate Transcripts revealed the ways in which participants negotiated the social and cultural expectations of their time and place and how they developed professional identity and autonomy as their careers progressed. While there were many commonalities, there were both between- and within-group differences in the ways the two cohorts reported the details of their career progression.Conclusion This article offers a picture of the challenges and experiences of Australian and British speech-language pathologists in the second half of the twentieth century. It highlights some of the changes over time and forms the basis for comparison with current working practices in the two countries.

Untreated concussions are an important health concern. The number of concussions sustained each year is difficult to pinpoint due to diverse reporting routes and many people not reporting. A growing body of literature investigates the motivations for concussion under-reporting, proposing ties with knowledge of concussion outcomes and concussion culture. The present work employs machine learning to identify trends in knowledge and willingness to self-report concussions.

2,204 cadets completed a survey addressing athletic and pilot status, concussion symptoms and outcome beliefs, ethical beliefs, demographics, and reporting willingness.

Clustering and non-negative matrix analysis identified connections to self-report willingness within knowledge of symptoms, ethical beliefs, reporting requirements, and belief of long-term concussion outcomes. Support vector machine classification of cadet reporting likelihood reveals symptom and outcome knowledge may be inversely related to reporting among those rating ethics considerations as low, while heightened ethics may predict higher reporting likeliness overall.

Machine-learning analysis bolsters prior theories on the importance of concussion culture in reporting and indicate more symptom knowledge may decrease willingness to report. Uniquely, our analysis indicated importance of ethical behavior may be associated with general concussion reporting willingness, inviting further consideration from healthcare practitioners seeking increased reporting.

Machine-learning analysis bolsters prior theories on the importance of concussion culture in reporting and indicate more symptom knowledge may decrease willingness to report. Uniquely, our analysis indicated importance of ethical behavior may be associated with general concussion reporting willingness, inviting further consideration from healthcare practitioners seeking increased reporting.

Varicella zoster reactivation is an increasingly recognised event following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, various ocular inflammatory and infectious adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination have been described in the literature. This case report describes acute retinal necrosis (ARN) secondary to varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.

A 42-year-old immunocompetent man developed left ARN 12days following first dose of Pfizer BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Aqueous and vitreous tap polymerase chain reaction testing was positive for VZV. Good visual outcome was achieved with combination therapy, including intravitreal foscarnet, oral valaciclovir and prednisolone, topical dexamethasone and atropine, and barrier retinal laser. Second dose of the vaccine is planned under cover of high-dose oral valaciclovir therapy.

This case illustrates the possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and potentially blinding VZV reactivation. Therefore, prompt ophthalmic assessment is recommended in patients with visual disturbance following COVID-19 vaccination.

This case illustrates the possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and potentially blinding VZV reactivation. Therefore, prompt ophthalmic assessment is recommended in patients with visual disturbance following COVID-19 vaccination.Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness characterized by aberrant mood changes between hypomania and mania or mixed states and depression. Metabolic changes also accompany disease progression and cause significant morbidity. Symptomatic treatment options are available, but asymptomatic patients and poor drug responders are significant problems. Based on the most common pharmacological agent that is used in the treatment, lithium and its main mechanisms of action, oxidative stress, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling are extensively investigated. However, knowledge about the effects of compounds that positively affect oxidative stress and GSK-3β signaling, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics, liraglutide, is still missing. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of liraglutide on the ouabain-induced bipolar disease model in rats. After intracerebroventricular single dose ouabain administration, animals were treated with 100, 200, and 400 µg/kg liraglutide (s.