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At the present stage of development of society, the issues of preserving and strengthening the most important productive force that determine the economic development and national security of the country remain relevant. Metallurgy is one of the basic industries in Russia, which forms up to 20% of GDP. This study assesses the condition of the oral mucosa in workers in the industry. To evaluate the formation of micronuclei in buccal cells as an early biomarker of health disorders as a result of occupational exposure to production factors of a metallurgical plant. Hygienic and clinical laboratory tests were carried out for workers of the metallurgical plant of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Cytological studies of the buccal epithelium were performed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the applied programs IBM, SPSS, Statistics, Microsoft Excel. The general assessment of working conditions in accordance with the criteria of R.2.2.2006-05 for workers of the metallurgical plant was established as 3.2-3.3. Analysis of the buccal epithelium revealed the occurrence of cells with cytogenetic disorders in the workers of the main group. Cells with atypical nuclei were identified in workers with a duration of contact with unfavorable factors of production for more than ten years. Signs of nuclear destruction were revealed, characterizing an increase in apoptotic activity in workers with prolonged contact times. Studies have shown that with more than 10 years of work experience, proliferation processes prevail over differentiation processes. The results obtained can be used as diagnostic methods that expand the prospects for identifying pre-pathological and pathological conditions.The purpose of this work was to show the effectiveness of the cytological method on a small number of observations, excluding all possible errors of the preanalytical stage. The paper presents several simple and easily reproducible algorithms for the cytological study of serous pleural effusions with small cellular content. On the example of 20 observations of the study of the cellular composition of serous exudates, a direct dependence of the research results on the preanalytical stage is shown. A complete study of effusion fluids in compliance with all stages of preanalytics and the use of modern methods of cytological diagnostics makes it possible to nullify the options for false-negative.A cytological examination of uterine cavity material has proven to be the effective method of detecting and clarifying the diagnosis of cancer and non-tumor endometrial diseases. However, sometimes there are difficulties in interpreting the results in a traditional (classical) cytological examination, due to high level of inadequate samples the presence of mucus, a large number of blood elements, structures of poorly visible cells in the wrong preparation of the smear. At present, the method of liquid cytology, based on the technology of preparation of standard thin-layer cytological preparations from liquid cell suspension, is increasingly developed and widespread. These slides, if necessary, can be used for morphometry, cytochemical, immunocytochemical studies etc. It is also possible to prepare cell blocks from this material, and to obtain information about the histological structure if small pieces of tissue are presented in cytological material, moreover, to use these blocks for immunohistochemical reactions. Material from the uterine cavity may contain tumor cells from ovarian, tubal or other non- endometrial carcinoma, and it is necessary to obtain information about their origin, to verify the morphological diagnosis and to determine the management and treatment of patients, as a lot of problems concerning ovarian and endometrial cancer remains unclear. Examination of aspirates and scrapes from the uterine cavity using advanced molecular techniques, together with existing examination methods, can help to form risk groups for uterine, tubal, ovarian and even peritoneal tumors. The review of literature contains comparative characteristics of different methods and their combinations, which allow improving diagnostics of non-tumor lesions and endometrial tumors.The data of a complex immunoassay comparative study of the content of soluble forms of sPD-1, sPD-L1, sNKG2D, sNKG2DL1, sB7-H3 and sHLA-G in the blood plasma of 75 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 20 healthy donors of the control group are presented. The diagnostic significance of the studied proteins was determined. The study showed that the profile of soluble immunity checkpoints differs when malignant ovarian pathology occurs. There was a statistically significant decrease in the content of sPD-L1, sNKG2DL1, sB7-H3, and sHLA-G in the blood plasma of patients compared with the control group. Differences were found in the content of the studied markers depending on the histological type of tumors. Correlations between the soluble forms of some of the studied proteins are shown, indicating the presence of independent mechanisms of immune regulation in ovarian cancer, which may explain the insufficient effectiveness of the existing immunotherapy for this type of tumor. The results obtained will undoubtedly facilitate the development of new effective methods for the diagnostics and therapy of ovarian cancer.The presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases that lead to chronic heart failure (CHF). The values of NT-proBNP, ST-2, and CRP markers and their mutual correlations were studied in 37 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) without metabolic syndrome (MS) (group 1) and 37 patients with CHF with MS (group 2). The aim of the study was to determine the features of their changes in patients with CHF complicated by MS, and to rank patients by assigning a rank value to the values of NTproBNP, ST2, and CRP concentrations. The average ST2 level was 51±24 ng/ml in group 1 and 62±27 ng/ml in group 2. The average values of CRP in group 1 were 23.1±5.3 mg/l, in group 2-33.0±4.4 mg/l (p less then 0.05). Metabolism inhibitor The NTproBNP level was 2413±1586 PG/ml and 2721±1635 PG/ml in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Correlations between the values of NTproBNP and ST2, NTproBNP and CRP were demonstrated. In the group of CHF with MS, compared with the group of CHF, there were significantly more patients with the most pronounced pathological levels of damage markers the number of patients with a General rank of 6-9 in the group of CHF with MS was 59%, in the group of CHF without MS-38% (p less then 0.