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9 and 26.1%, respectively. From the 7th day, mortalities (%) increased gradually and recorded the highest mortalities with 21st days after treatment and recorded 93.33, 66.70, 53.36, 46.69 and 60.00% when treated with <i>B. bassiana</i>, <i>M. anisopliae</i>, <i>C. chlorosphalum</i>, <i>Mucor</i> sp. and <i>Aspergillus</i> sp., respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> Although there was evidence indicating midgut damage and feeding inhibition among larvae that survived the treatments, instead of lower activity of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> against <i>R. ferrugineus</i> immature stages may refer to that, Both species of <i>Bacillus</i> were more virulent as the days 15-21 post-treatment.<b>Background and Objective</b> Ureolytic bacteria are bacteria capable of hydrolyzing urea. In construction, these bacteria are known to help improve soil stability. One of the habitats of ureolytic bacteria is cave ornaments such as gourdam, flowstone, stalagmite and stalactite. This study aims to find isolates and characterization of ureolytic bacteria in cave ornaments. <b>Materials and Methods</b> Urea-CaCl<sub>2</sub> was used as the isolation medium and urea agar medium was used as a qualitative urease test for cave ornament bacteria isolate. This study applied a survey method and tested for gram staining, spore staining, mannitol test, catalase test and lactose test for characterization. <b>Results</b> There were 17 isolates positive for urease from 30 isolates from the isolates of cave ornament bacteria. The characteristics of 17 ureolytic bacteria isolates were 2 isolates gram-negative basil with negative lactose test and 1 isolate positive glucose and 1 isolate negative glucose. Total 15 isolates gram-positive basil with spore staining results, 14 isolates spore-positive with 2 isolates positive mannitol and 12 isolates negative mannitol and 1 isolate spore-negative with negative catalase. <b>Conclusion</b> Total 17 ureolytic bacteria isolates were found from cave ornaments. Biochemical characterization showed 1 isolate of <i>Proteus</i> spp., 1 isolate of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp, 2 isolates suspected of being <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> or <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, 12 isolates of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and 1 isolate of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.<b>Background and Objective</b> <i>Monacha obstructa</i> has a serious harmful impact as agricultural pest infested field crops, fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants nurseries in multiple Egyptian governorates. The objective of this research was estimating the population dynamic of the terrestrial gastropod species <i>Monacha obstructa</i> (Pfeiffer) (Hygromiidae) on two economic crop fields and its correlation with temperature degree and relative humidity, the level of infestation on other economic crops had been estimated as well. <b>Materials and Methods</b> This study was conducted in three sites in Fayoum governorate, 1) Forkous village at Tamiya District, 2) Dar Ramadsite including the Experimental farm and research station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum District and 3) Feedimeen village at Sannoris District. The distribution and population dynamics of <i>Monacha obstructa</i> were assessed as one of dominant speciplants nurseries in Forkous village and Dar Ramad site, respectively.<b>Background and Objective</b> COVID-19 is a fast-spreading worldwide pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. selleck chemicals llc The World Health Organization recommended wearing face masks. Masks have become an urgent necessity throughout the pandemic, the study's goal was to track the impact of wearing masks on immunological responses. <b>Materials and Methods</b> This study was conducted on 40 healthy people who were working in health care at Nineveh Governorate Hospitals from September-December, 2020. They wore face masks at work for more than 8 months for an average of 6 hrs a day. The control sample included 40 healthy individuals, who wore masks for very short periods. All samples underwent immunological and physiological tests to research the effects of wearing masks for extended periods within these parameters. <b>Results</b> The results showed a significant decrease in total White Blood Count and the absolute number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and phagocytic activity. However, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of eosinophils in participants compared with the control. The results also suggested there were no significant differences in IgE, haemoglobin concentration and blood O<sub>2 </sub>saturation in participants who wore masks for more than 6 hrs compared to the control group. The results showed a significant increase in pulse rate in participants who wore masks for more than 6 hrs compared to the control group. The results also showed a strong correlation coefficient between the time of wearing masks and some immunological, haematological parameters. <b>Conclusion</b> Wearing masks for long periods alters immunological parameters that initiate the immune response, making the body weaker in its resistance to infectious agents.
As linear array transducers are widely used in clinical ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with linear arrays is similarly suitable for clinical applications. However, due to the limited-view problem, a linear array has limited performance and leads to artifacts and blurring, which has hindered its broader application. There is a need to address the limited-view problem in PAT imaging with linear arrays.
We investigate potential approaches for improving PAT reconstruction from linear array, by optimizing the detection geometry and implementing iterative reconstruction.
PAT imaging with a single-array, dual-probe configurations in parallel-shape and L-shape, and square-shape configuration are compared in simulations and phantom experiments. An iterative model-based algorithm based on the variance-reduced stochastic gradient descent (VR-SGD) method is implemented. The optimum configuration found in simulation is validated on phantom experiments.
PAT imaging with dual-probe detection and VR-SGD algorithm is found to improve the limited-view problem compared to a single probe and provide comparable performance as full-view geometry in simulation. This configuration is validated in experiments where more complete structure is obtained with reduced artifacts compared with a single array.
PAT with dual-probe detection and iterative reconstruction is a promising solution to the limited-view problem of linear arrays.
PAT with dual-probe detection and iterative reconstruction is a promising solution to the limited-view problem of linear arrays.
Although thermal ablation is effective in treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs), comparison of treatment outcomes between thermal ablation and surgery has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation and surgery for the treatment of low-risk PTMCs.
Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies reporting comparisons of treatment results between thermal ablation and surgery for patients with low-risk PTMC published up to April 6, 2020. The analysis evaluated the efficacy (local tumor recurrence, occurrence of new tumor, metastasis, and rescue surgery) and safety (complication rate) of thermal ablation and surgery.
This systematic review included four studies with a total of 339 PTMCs in 339 patients who underwent thermal ablation and 320 PTMCs in 314 patients who underwent surgery. There was no local tumor recurrence or distant metastasis in either group. link2 There was no significant difference in the pooled nt option for low-risk PTMC in patients who refuse surgery and active surveillance or are ineligible for surgery.
Monitoring of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with calibrated anti-Xa assay is limited by the high intra- and interindividual variations of the test results. Thrombin generation (TG) is a global hemostatic assay that reflects the patient´s individual coagulation status. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DOACs on TG measured with a fully automated assay system.
All consecutive patients under apixaban and rivaroxaban coming to the outpatient coagulation center MVZ Limbach, Magdeburg, Germany between October 2017 and April 2020 were included. DOAC plasma levels were correlated with TG assessed using the fully automated Ceveron TG analyzer.
A total of 703 rivaroxaban and 252 apixaban containing plasma samples were included. There was a significant correlation between DOAC plasma levels and all TG parameters except for lag time regarding apixaban. Time to peak and peak thrombin followed an exponential regression curve, while this was linear for the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Apixaban showed a lower correlation coefficient for all TG parameters compared with rivaroxaban, and thrombin generation was less influenced by apixaban than rivaroxaban at plasma levels >100ng/ml. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of normal TG parameters for the prediction of DOAC plasma levels <30ng/ml was >85%.
The present data show a moderate predominantly nonlinear correlation between TG parameters and plasma levels of apixaban and rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban has a stronger effect on TG than apixaban.
The present data show a moderate predominantly nonlinear correlation between TG parameters and plasma levels of apixaban and rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban has a stronger effect on TG than apixaban.Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive muscle disease characterized by loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance with high prevalence in chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is associated with decreased muscle protein synthesis and muscle breakdown due to a number of factors including, the uremic inflammatory environment of the disease. CKD patients are highly sedentary and at risk of malnutrition which may exacerbate sarcopenia outcomes even further. link3 Short and long-term exercise and nutritional interventions have been studied and found to have some positive effects on sarcopenia measures in CKD. This narrative review summarized evidence between 2010 and 2020 of resistance exercise (RE) alone or combined with nutritional interventions for improving sarcopenia outcomes in CKD. Due to lack of CKD-specific sarcopenia measures, the second European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) definition has been used to guide the selection of the studies. The literature search identifielimited. A multidisciplinary patient-centred approach with regular follow-up may be most beneficial due to the complexity of sarcopenia in CKD. Long-term randomized control trials are needed to verify optimal RE prescription and explore safety and efficacy of other nutritional interventions in CKD.Irreparable massive rotator cuff tear (IMRCT) was one of the causes of shoulder dysfunction, despite technical improvement, the failure rate of IMRCT was still demonstrated to be high. Traditional treatments like non-surgical treatments, partial rotator cuff repair, and tendon transfers could only achieve a slight improvement. A potential cause for high failure rate was the fact that traditional treatments cannot restore the superior stability of glenohumeral joint, and thus restricted the movement of shoulder joint severely. Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) using a variety of grafts (autograft, allograft, xenograft, or synthetic grafts) provided a promising option for IMRCT. In surgery, graft was fixed medially to superior glenoid and laterally to the footprint of humeral greater tuberosity. SCR could increase the stability of the superior glenohumeral joint, decrease the subacromial pressure and acromiohumeral distance. This review summarized the relevant literature regarding the alternative grafts, surgery indications, operative techniques and clinical outcomes of SCR.
