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While prevention type and personnel delivering the intervention account for aspects of the heterogeneity observed, more research is needed to identify how program completion and fidelity impact outcomes.

Overall, the findings from the current data suggest that there is merit in continuing to evaluate and deliver community health training programs for depression and anxiety. While prevention type and personnel delivering the intervention account for aspects of the heterogeneity observed, more research is needed to identify how program completion and fidelity impact outcomes.

Hypertension is one of the major world health problems. Ultrasonography plays a useful role in the assessment of morphologicalchanges at the kidneys in hypertensive patients.

To assess sonographic findings of the kidneys in hypertensive patients' co-morbidities with type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease (IDH).

This was a prospective cross-sectional study involved 100 participants with primary hypertension selected by a method of simple convenient sampling. The patients were examined using ultrasonography to assess the sonographic findings of the kidneys. The renal length, corticomedullary differentiation (CMD), and renal artery diameters were assessed. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0) was used in data analysis.

The length of the right kidney was 8.9850 ± 1.01 cm and 9.48 ± 0.98 cm for the left kidney. Among the hypertensive patients, the incidence of hypertension was highest in housewives (27%) and students (23%) as compared with the other groups. The sonographic findings were 18% affected with simple renal cysts, 7% poor CMD, and the majority had normal kidneys. Significant correlation was found between age and sonographic findings of kidneys (

= 0.21,

value = 0.033).

Simple renal cysts, poor CMD, and stenosis of renal arteries were most common sonographic findings in hypertension. Simple renal cystshad a significant association with hypertension.

Simple renal cysts, poor CMD, and stenosis of renal arteries were most common sonographic findings in hypertension. Simple renal cystshad a significant association with hypertension.

e-Health programs are implemented assuming that e-health/digital health can prove beneficial but pieces of evidence for assessing the actual benefits of e-health programs are lacking.

To utilize the benefit evaluation (BE) framework to assess Asha Soft, which is an online payment and performance monitoring system initiative taken by Rajasthan.

BE of Asha Soft in Rajasthan.

BE of ASHA Soft was done using scoping review with consultation exercise. The rationale behind using this methodological framework is to contextualize knowledge of the current state of understanding within BE framework practice contexts. The themes used for data compilation and analysis were based on three broad dimensions of BE framework namely, health information technology quality, use, and net benefits.

The state of Rajasthan has been the first in the country to start an online system of payment and monitoring of ASHA workers, through Asha Soft. It has administrative and supportive functions. Its simple and easy to use graphiccould be undertaken to guide the decision making.

Clinical opportunistic screening can be valuable for diagnosis of oral cancer/precancer prior to development of symptoms. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and present practices of primary health care providers regarding oral cancer screening.

This cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried out on doctors working in primary health centres of Patna district, Bihar. A total of 10 questions in true/false or multiple choice format assessed the knowledge on oral cancer screening. Attitude and practices were evaluated by seven questions each on a 5-point Likert scale. Unpaired

-test and one-way ANOVA followed by

test was applied to determine the significance difference between the mean scores of knowledge and demographic variables. The significance level was set at below 0.05.

The total mean knowledge scores were 6.5 ± 2.17. Response analysis showed that regarding opinion on only 28% health care providers agreed or strongly agreed that they have adequate knowledge regarding detection of oral cancer. It was found that 44.7% never/rarely examined the oral cavity of the patient. Only 14% and 16% doctors aid with the cessation of habits and advised dietary changes in patients with precancerous lesions/conditions, respectively.

Capacity building of primary care physicians is very crucial for a successful screening program. The present study reveals that the training activities of healthcare providers in oral screening need to be reinforced.

Capacity building of primary care physicians is very crucial for a successful screening program. The present study reveals that the training activities of healthcare providers in oral screening need to be reinforced.

Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders that may be associated with negative attitudes among general populations. This may be due to poor public awareness and knowledge toward epilepsy.

To assess knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of students of health-related science colleges toward epilepsy in Taif.

This study was conducted in three health-related science colleges in Taif University. A questionnaire was distributed to students of these colleges.

More than 80% of the participants have heard or read about epilepsy. About half of them had witnessed a seizure attack. Nivolumab clinical trial More than three quarters of the participants thought that epilepsy is a neurological disease. In total 97% of the participants stated that convulsions are the main manifestations of epilepsy. In total 77.7% of the participants selected the medical treatment and follow-up as the most effective treatment of epilepsy. More than three quarters of the participants agreed with that epileptic woman can get married and have children. About 90% agreed to work with epileptic persons and become a close friend of them. About half of the participants believed that the equal job opportunity for epileptic and normal persons should be practiced.

The knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of students of health-related science colleges toward epilepsy in Taif were acceptable regarding to this study. However, the negative attitudes and misconceptions still exist. Further studies are needed to determine methods of overcoming these negative attitudes and misconceptions.

The knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of students of health-related science colleges toward epilepsy in Taif were acceptable regarding to this study. However, the negative attitudes and misconceptions still exist. Further studies are needed to determine methods of overcoming these negative attitudes and misconceptions.