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een in patients with frequent GTCS presenting widespread postictal suppression.

Interictal metabolic changes within a predominantly right-sided network involving temporal lobe and connected cortical and subcortical structures were seen in patients with frequent GTCS presenting widespread postictal suppression.

This study examined (1) the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with epilepsy and (2) demographic and medical characteristics, illness beliefs, and social factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms to guide intervention development.

A community-based sample of AYA with epilepsy (n = 179, ages 13-24 years, 39% male) completed online questionnaires measuring anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), illness beliefs (helplessness; acceptance; perceived benefits), and social factors (family functioning; social stigma; connectedness). Participants also reported medical information (epilepsy type; years since diagnosis; time since last seizure; current medications).

Prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression, 36% and 35%, respectively, was high compared to population prevalence. In multivariable regression models, demographic and medical factors explained only 2% of the variance in depressive symptoms ands. Rather, the majority of variance in symptoms was accounted for by potentially modifiable beliefs and social factors. Interventions that promote illness acceptance, enhance family functioning, and reduce social stigma may ameliorate psychological distress among AYA with epilepsy.

ATP1A2 mutations cause hemiplegic migraine with or without epilepsy or acute reversible encephalopathy. Typical onset is in adulthood or older childhood without subsequent severe long-term developmental impairments.

We aimed to describe the manifestations of early onset severe ATP1A2-related epileptic encephalopathy and its underlying mutations in a cohort of seven patients.

A retrospective chart review of a cohort of seven patients was conducted. Response to open-label memantine therapy, used off-label due to its NMDA receptor antagonist effects, was assessed by the Global Rating Scale of Change (GRSC) and Clinical Global Impression Scale of Improvement (CGI-I) methodologies. Molecular modeling was performed using PyMol program.

Patients (age 2.5-20 years) had symptom onset at an early age (6 days-1 year). Seizures were either focal or generalized. Common features were drug resistance, recurrent status epilepticus, etc., severe developmental delay with episodes of acute severe encephalopathy often wiDAR antagonist therapy in ATP1A2-encephalopathy.

The objective of this study was to examine if the absolute number of interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) is related to the presence of different comorbidities and refractivity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Analysis with scalp EEG of the IED of 30 patients with temporal epilepsy. The analysis was performed in three selected periods of the record during N2-N3 sleep. We analyzed the number of IED and the sum of the values obtained in the three selected segments to determine the absolute interictal spike frequency.

The number of IED for patients varied from 11 to 450. Selleck Nigericin sodium The absolute interictal spike frequency showed a statistically significant relation with the presence of refractivity (p < 0.05), and neurological and/or psychiatric comorbidity (p < 0.05). Patients with an absolute interictal spike frequency ≤ 60 showed little refractoriness and no comorbidity. Patients with an absolute interictal spike frequency > 60 were mostly refractory and with neurological and/or psychiatric comorbidity. No significant relation was found of absolute interictal spike frequency with age at the onset of epilepsy, number of anticonvulsant drugs used, or base pathology (MRI).

The absolute interictal spike frequency is capable of differentiating patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, identifying those with temporal lobe epilepsy according to the severity of the condition. Only those patients with non-frequent spikes (≤60 over the affected temporal lobe) have a low percentage of refractoriness with little or no presence of comorbidity.

The absolute interictal spike frequency is capable of differentiating patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, identifying those with temporal lobe epilepsy according to the severity of the condition. Only those patients with non-frequent spikes (≤60 over the affected temporal lobe) have a low percentage of refractoriness with little or no presence of comorbidity.This paper reviews a Coroner's inquest into the deaths of two people. The deaths were caused when a driver had a seizure, and lost control of his car, which then plowed into a café. The Coroner reviews the roles and responsibilities of primary and tertiary caregivers, with special focus on the question of who has the responsibility to inform the Drivers' Licensing Authority of a patient's unfitness to drive - the patient or the practitioner? The Coroner recommends the establishment of a multi-agency committee to advance work in this area. The paper notes a separate but parallel development - a review of AUSTROADS Assessing Fitness to Drive Guidelines, which may achieve the outcomes sought by the Coroner.

Epilepsy is a prevalent health problem worldwide in all ages, and it is essential to identify disease markers for diagnosis and treatment. Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) are a common finding in polysomnography (PSG). Still, its clinical relevance in people with epilepsy (PWE) is unknown. The aim of this review was to compare PLMS frequency in PWE and controls.

A semi-structured literature review was conducted using PubMed in search of relevant studies in English on August 23, 2019, with the search terms "sleep," "epilepsy," or "seizure," and "polysomnography" in the title and/or abstract. The research was complemented with citation analysis and manual search using Google Scholar. Studies involved PWE and comparative controls using PSG with reported PLMS index (PLMI).

Seven studies were identified. Only two showed a statistically significant difference in PLMI between cases and controls, and in another study, cases had uncontrolled seizures. In general, studies did not adjust for potential confounders including demographics, apnea-hypopnea index, or medication use.