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[This corrects the article DOI 10.1093/function/zqab017.].Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA, play important roles in the pathogenesis of numerous respiratory health conditions and diseases. Exposure to tobacco smoking has been found to be associated with epigenetic changes in the respiratory tract. Marketed as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has rapidly gained popularity in recent years, especially among youth and young adults. Accumulative evidence from both animal and human studies has shown that e-cigarette use (vaping) is also linked to similar respiratory health conditions as observed with cigarette smoking, including wheezing, asthma, and COPD. This review aims to provide an overview of current studies on associations of smoking and vaping with epigenetic alterations in respiratory cells and provide future research directions in epigenetic studies related to vaping.The primary aim of this study is to establish the theoretical foundations for a solid-fluid biphasic mixture domain that can accommodate inertial effects and a viscous interstitial fluid, which can interface with a dynamic viscous fluid domain. selleckchem Most mixture formulations consist of constituents that are either all intrinsically incompressible or compressible, thereby introducing inherent limitations. In particular, mixtures with intrinsically incompressible constituents can only model wave propagation in the porous solid matrix, whereas those with compressible constituents require internal variables, and related evolution equations, to distinguish the compressibility of the solid and fluid under hydrostatic pressure. In this study, we propose a hybrid framework for a biphasic mixture where the skeleton of the porous solid is intrinsically incompressible but the interstitial fluid is compressible. We define a state variable as a measure of the fluid volumetric strain. Within an isothermal framework, the Clausius-Duhem inequality shows that a function of state arises for the fluid pressure as a function of this strain measure. We derive jump conditions across hybrid biphasic interfaces, which are suitable for modeling hydrated biological tissues. We then illustrate this framework using confined compression and dilatational wave propagation analyses. The governing equations for this hybrid biphasic framework reduce to those of the classical biphasic theory whenever the bulk modulus of the fluid is set to infinity and inertia terms and viscous fluid effects are neglected. The availability of this novel framework facilitates the implementation of finite element solvers for fluid-structure interactions at interfaces between viscous fluids and porous-deformable biphasic domains, which can include fluid exchanges across those interfaces.Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) refers to the reversible cellular transition between epithelial and mesenchymal status. Spontaneous EMP is also reported in breast and prostate cancer, leading to the acquisition of stem-cell properties and chemoresistance. However, the presence of spontaneous EMP is still not reported in esophageal cancer. We screened 11 esophageal squamous cancer cell (ESCC) cell lines by CD44 isoform expression. KYSE520 was found to comprise heterogenous populations consisting of CD44v+ and CD44v- subpopulations. CD44v+ and CD44v- cells showed the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, respectively. Single-cell sorting of CD44v+ and CD44v- cells revealed both cells gave rise to cell populations consisting of CD44v+ and CD44v- cells, indicating CD44v+ epithelial-like and CD44v- mesenchymal-like cells can generate counterparts, respectively. The ablation of Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1), a major regulator of CD44 mRNA splicing, resulted in the shift from CD44v+ to CD44v- cells in KYSE520. However, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers or transcriptional factors were almost not affected, suggesting ESRP1 functions downstream of EMP. Our results revealed the presence of spontaneous EMP in esophageal cancer and KYSE520 is useful model to understand spontaneous EMP.

Attention bias to threat is a fundamental transdiagnostic component and potential vulnerability factor for internalizing psychopathologies. However, the measurement of attentional bias, such as traditional scores from the dot-probe paradigm, evidence poor reliability and do not measure intra-individual variation in attentional bias.

The present study examined, in three independent samples, the psychometric properties of a novel attentional bias (AB) scoring method of the dot-probe task based on responses to individual trials. For six AB scores derived using the response-based approach, we assessed the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, familial associations, and external validity (using Social Anxiety Disorder, a disorder strongly associated with attentional bias to threatening faces).

Compared to traditional AB scores, response-based scores had generally better internal consistency (range of Cronbach's alphas 0.68-0.92 vs. 0.41-0.71), higher test-retest reliabilities (range of Pearson's correlations 0.26-0.77 vs. -0.05-0.35), and were more strongly related in family members (range of ICCs 0.11-0.27 vs. 0-0.05). Furthermore, three response-based scores added incremental validity beyond traditional scores and gender in the external validators of current and lifetime Social Anxiety Disorder.

Findings indicate that response-based AB scores from the dot-probe task have better psychometric properties than traditional scores.

Findings indicate that response-based AB scores from the dot-probe task have better psychometric properties than traditional scores.Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare multisystem disease associated with genetic mutations. The disease usually occurs in women of childbearing age and is characterized by infiltration of immature smooth muscle cells into the lungs, airways, and axial lymphatic systems of the chest and abdomen. The disease often destroys lung parenchyma and produces air cysts. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis cell infiltration of the lymphatic axis can affect hilar lymph nodes, mediastinal ganglia, and extrathoracic lymph nodes. The disease can cause lymphatic dilation in the lungs and thoracic ducts, causing chylous effusion into the pleural or abdominal cavities. Invasion of cells into the walls of pulmonary veins can lead to venous obstruction and pulmonary venous hypertension with hemoptysis. Most patients present with cough, dyspnea, pneumothorax, hemoptysis, and abnormal lung function. Definitive diagnosis is usually based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. We present a case of LAM in a 36-year-old female patient who was confirmed by specimens obtained from pneumothorax surgery and positive immunohistochemical staining with HMB-45.

The potential correlation between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine has been previously reported, but whether PFO closure plays a role in reducing migraine burden has not reached an agreement.

We searched PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Science Technology Periodical Database and China Biology Medicine Database (CBM) through September 30, 2021 to identify associations between PFO closure and outcome of migraine burden. The control groups consisted of drug treatment or sham procedure.

Three randomized clinical trials (RCT) and 9 case-control studies were eligible for inclusion (1754 participants), of which 7 reported nonrecurrence of migraine, 4 reported reduced migraine-frequency and migraine-days, and 5 reported HIT-6 score and 4 reported MIDAS score. The mean (SD) age of participants was 40.68 (3.81) years and 1340 (76.39%) were women. PFO closure was significantly associated with a reduced risk of migraine-recurrence by 4.47 (95% CI, 2.94-6.80; I

=12%), frequency of migraine by 0.35 (95% CI, 0.17-0.53; I

=0%) and monthly migraine days by 0.28 (95% CI, 0.10-0.46), and decreased score of HIT-6 (SMD 1.23, 95%CI 0.52-1.95, I

=93%).

Transcatheter PFO closure is significantly associated with burden reduction of migraine headache.

Transcatheter PFO closure is significantly associated with burden reduction of migraine headache.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with severe chronic pubic diastasis from either congenital or acquired causes presents an exceptionally difficult challenge that has rarely been addressed in the arthroplasty literature. The purpose of this paper is to present a series of THAs in patients with severe chronic pubic diastasis, asking the following research questions (1) What is the survivorship and clinical outcomes after THA in patients with severe chronic pubic diastasis? And (2) What is the rate of complications after THA surgery in this challenging patient population? We additionally describe our algorithm for preoperative planning and rationale for surgical technique and implant position.

We retrospectively queried the prospective arthroplasty database of 2 high-volume referral centers, yielding 6 THA in 4 patients with severe chronic pubic diastasis (minimum 8 cm) with a mean follow-up of 2.7 years. We recorded baseline demographic and intraoperative variables, as well as survivorship, patient-equate preparation, particularly regarding the acetabular component position. Understanding the nature of the hemipelvis deformity and meticulous templating using "normalized" views of the hip are important components to a successful preoperative plan.Fracture of the tibial component can be a devastating complication after primary total knee arthroplasty. While fractures of the tibial baseplate have been reported, failure at the junction between the baseplate and stem has not been well-described. We present a 49-year-old male who developed progressively worsening left knee pain and an effusion 7-8 years after an index total knee arthroplasty. Radiographs revealed component subsidence and subtle asymmetry between the baseplate and stem. At the time of revision, the tibial component was found to be fractured at the junction of the baseplate and stem, with complete dissociation between the two pieces. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for catastrophic failure, as this rare phenomenon can be subtle on radiographs and requires close monitoring for signs of component subsidence.

Patients scheduled for metal implant surgery in some facilities in Japan undergo preoperative metal patch testing (MPT). However, few studies have reported the impact of MPT results on scheduled surgery; therefore, the value of preoperative MPT remains unknown.

In analysis 1,the preoperative MPT results requested by orthopedic surgeons from 4 institutions from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. In analysis 2, the medical records of all patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, or total shoulder arthroplasty/reverse shoulder arthroplasty between 2014 and 2018 were collected. The number of patients who underwent MPT and their surgical results were analyzed.

In analysis 1, MPT was performed on 72 patients during the study period. The overall MPT positivity rate was 26.4% for the entire cohort in analysis 1. In 4 out of 19 MPT-positive cases, the results of MPT changed the treatment plan to use alternative materials or cancel the surgery. In analysis 2, 1087 patients underwent total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and TSA/RSA; only 16 patients underwent MPT.