Simmonsmyrick3368

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in the agri-food sector, which can lead to their ingestion. Their interaction with food and their passage through the gastrointestinal tract can alter their properties and influence their fate upon ingestion. Therefore, this study aims at developing an in vitro method to follow the fate of AgNPs in the gastrointestinal tract. After incorporation of AgNPs into a standardized food matrix, a precolonic digestion is simulated and AgNPs are characterized by different techniques. The presence of food influences the AgNPs properties by forming a corona around nanoparticles. Even if the salivary step does not impact significantly the AgNPs, the pH decrease and the digestive enzymes induce the agglomeration of AgNPs during the gastric phase, while the addition of intestinal fluids disintegrates these clusters. AgNPs can thus reach the intestinal cells under nanometric form, although the presence of food and gastrointestinal fluids modifies their properties compared to pristine AgNPs. They can form a corona around the nanoparticles and act as colloidal stabilizer, which can impact the interaction of AgNPs with intestinal epithelium. This study demonstrates the importance of taking the fate of AgNPs in the gastrointestinal tract into account to perform an accurate risk assessment of nanomaterials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIMS The study aimed at investigating the use of guideline-recommended diagnostic tools and medication in patients with heart failure (HF) in specialty care in Southwest Finland. We also compared the characteristics of the diagnosed and undiagnosed patients as well as laboratory tests, procedures, and treatments in everyday clinical practice. Samuraciclib order METHODS AND RESULTS Patients diagnosed with HF, cardiomyopathy, or hypertension-induced heart disease (n = 20 878, primary cohort) or not diagnosed with HF but having a record of elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (>125 ng/L, n = 24 321, secondary cohort) were included in the study from the specialty care patient register of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland during the years 2005-2017. Among patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code for HF, only 50% had ejection fraction (EF) data to be found by data mining from the electronic health records. Of these patients, 39% (n = 4042) had EF ≤ 40% [nosis, yet they presented elevated NT-proBNP concentrations and clinical characteristics resembling those of HFpEF patients. © 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.The agricultural leadership discipline is rooted in public speaking and parliamentary procedure instruction for the youth members of 4-H and FFA. In the mid-1960s, the focus shifted to include collegiate level academic programs serving future agricultural leaders and has grown to include programs at 26 land-grant institutions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This chapter proposes a medical school leadership curriculum that is context-driven, dovetails seamlessly with the medical student experience, and goes beyond managerial and professional interests by developing purposeful physician-leaders and focusing leadership knowledge on patient outcomes. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Over time, the study of business and management has become increasingly specialized, to the point where leadership is understood to be a process, not a position. To understand how to teach this "influence process" perspective of leadership, we outline three priorities-rigor, reality, and relevance-and begin a conversation on challenges and opportunities for business leadership educators. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Democratic governance has been a central tenant of leadership development in U.S. political science departments. The discipline of political science focuses on the development of engaged citizens and responsible leaders who can have a positive impact in their communities at all levels. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This chapter focuses on the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) and how military science programs develop leaders for service in the military profession. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This chapter explores how communication studies focuses on human communication among people in groups, teams, and organizations. While persuasive communication has long been at the heart of leadership development, the discipline's contributions to effective leadership also range from advancing our understanding of organizational communicative systems to the development of skills for deliberative democracy and civic engagement. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.As a discipline, sociology examines cultural and organizational dimensions of human interactions in society that provide the foundation for leadership studies as well as inform the development of leaders. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This chapter presents an overview of six additional disciplines. Descriptions and resources for psychology, arts and music, women's studies, religious studies, parks and recreation, and interdisciplinary studies are included. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This chapter reviews the role of U.S. leadership education programs in higher education with a focus on leadership learning outcomes in institutional missions and considerations for academic disciplines in offering context-specific leadership development. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Higher education and student affairs are fields of study that focus on the institution and student experience in post-secondary education at the graduate level. Located in colleges of education, these departments often offer academic leadership minors often taught by student affairs leadership educators. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This chapter uses the categories of the International Leadership Association's (2009) Guiding Questions (i.e., context, conceptual framework, content, teaching and learning, and outcomes and assessment) to present themes about leadership education among academic disciplines. Recommendations for the development of leadership education in academic disciplines are included. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.