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The results imply that the superior activity of the CuO/MnO2 DP catalyst is associated with the proper adsorption of CO on partially reduced copper oxide as Cu(I)-CO and more surface oxygen species at the interfacial site of the catalyst.Reclamation and recycling of heavy metal ions can offer environmental protection and sustainable development. Here, we report the preparation of L-cysteine (L-cys)-doped glucose carbon sphere (GCS)@polypyrrole (PPy) composites (GCS@PPy/L-cys). The adsorption performance and mechanism of GCS@PPy/L-cys toward Cr(VI) from water were investigated in detail. The chromate enrichment on GCS@PPy is significantly facilitated by doping with L-cys, which prevents the oxidative collapse of the structure. This approach leads to many reduction-adsorption sites that reduce the highly hazardous Cr(VI) into less toxic Cr(III). More significantly, the composite can be reused to fabricate supercapacitors that avoid secondary pollution. This strategy offers high-efficiency treatment and sustainable utilization of hypervalent metals in water.This feature article describes recent trends and advances in structuring network polymers using a coordination-driven metal-organic framework (MOF)-based template approach to demonstrate the concept of crystal-controlled polymerization in confined nanospaces, forming tailored architectures ranging from simple linear one-dimensional macromolecules to tunable three-dimensional cross-linked network polymers and interwoven molecular architectures. MOF-templated network polymers combine the characteristics and advantages of crystalline MOFs (high porosity, structural regularity, and designability) with the intrinsic behaviors of soft polymers (flexibility, processability, stability, or biocompatibility) with widespread application possibilities and tunable properties. The article ends with a summary of the remaining challenges to be addressed, and future research opportunities in this field are discussed.Macroions, as soluble ions with a size on the nanometer scale, show unique solution behavior different from those of simple ions and large colloidal suspensions. In macroionic solutions, the counterions are known to be important and well-explored. However, the role of co-ions (ions carrying the same type of charge as the macroions) is often ignored. Here, through experimental and simulation studies, we demonstrate the role of co-ions as a function of co-ion size on their interaction with the macroions (using Mo72Fe30 and SrPd12 as models) and the related self-assembly into blackberry-type structures in dilute solutions. Several regimes of unique co-ion effects are clearly identified small ions (halides, oxoacid ions), subnanometer-scaled bulky ions (lacunary Keggin and dodecaborate ions), and those with sizes comparable to the macroions. Small co-ions have no observable effect on the self-assembly of fully hydrophilic Mo72Fe30, while due to hydrophobic interaction and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the small co-ions show influences on the self-assembly of hydrophobic SrPd12. selleck products Subnanometer ions, a.k.a. "superchaotropic ions", are still too small to assemble into a blackberry by themselves, but they can coassemble with the macroions, showing a strong interaction with the macroionic system. When the co-ion size is comparable to that of the macroions, they assemble independently instead of assembling with the macroions, leading to the previously reported unique self-recognition phenomenon for macroions.In this work, we present the optical birefringence properties of the optical fiber cladding that exists as an evanescent field where the refractive index (RI) of the analysis solution is applied for optical sensor aspiration. To enhance the performance of the sensor, we have investigated the sensor with different thicknesses of TiO2 coating and bimetallic (Ag-Al) film alloy combinations by thermal evaporation coating. We described a special balanced homodyne detection method for the intensity difference change between the p- and s-polarization lights in the surface plasmon resonance sensing systems, which is strongly determined by the RI of the test medium. The plasmonic optical fiber can measure a very small change of the RI of a glycerol solution, which is a resolution of 4.37 × 10-8 RI unit (RIU). This method has great advantages of a small-sized optical setup, high stability, high selectivity, easy chemical modification, and low cost. Furthermore, because of the experiment results, we observe that our approach can also eliminate the surrounding noise in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which shows the feasibility of this proposed technique. We demonstrate the fluorescence enhancement in detecting the C-reactive protein antibody conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate by means of near-field coupling between surface plasmons and fluorophores at spectral channels of emission. This technique can also be extended for application in a biomedical assay and in biochemical science, including molecular diagnostics relying on multichannels that require a small volume of the analyte at each channel which would suffer from the weakness of fluorescence if it were not for the enhancement technology.Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles based on a reactive block copolymers (BCPs) of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEG-b-PVDMA) have been fabricated for loading and controlled release of molecular cargoes. Microphase segregation of PEG-b-PVDMA BCPs enables the construction of well-defined nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. The azlactone groups in VDMA repeat units offer active sites for hydrophilization of the BCPs and functionalization by primary amines. The hydrophilization of PEG-b-PVDMA BCPs induces gradual reconstruction and dissociation of the BCP nanoparticles. Functional primary amines can be conjugated to PEG-b-PVDMA BCPs, yielding azobenzene- and pyridine-containing BCPs. The self-assembled nanoparticles made from the functionalized BCPs can disassemble in response to different external stimuli (e.g., addition of β-cyclodextrin and pH changes). The gradual reconstruction of functionalized PEG-b-PVDMA BCP nanoparticles caused by hydrolysis of residual azlactone groups provides a novel method to engineer sub-50 nm, well-dispersed, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles.