Shoregiles2393

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects on living cells and tissues is multifaceted and their level or dose can considerably affect cell proliferation and viability. It is therefore necessary understand their role also designing ways able to regulate their amount inside cells, i.e., using engineered nanomaterials with either antioxidant properties or, for cancer therapy applications, capable to induce oxidative stress and cell death, through tunable ROS production. In this paper, we report on the use of single-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) round-shaped nanoparticles, yet ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) functionalized with amino-propyl groups (ZnO-NH2 NCs), combined with pulsed ultrasound (US). We show the synergistic effects produced by NC-assisted US which are able to produce different amount of ROS, as a result of inertial cavitation under the pulsed US exposure. Using Passive Cavitation Detection (PCD) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we systematically study which are the key parameters, monitor and Cauda.Several studies have found that DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional regulation and affect sponge regulation of non-coding RNAs in cancer. The integration of circRNA, miRNA, DNA methylation and gene expression data to identify sponge circRNAs is important for revealing the role of DNA methylation-mediated regulation of sponge circRNAs in cancer progression. We established a DNA methylation-mediated circRNA crosstalk network by integrating gene expression, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA data of breast cancer in TCGA. Four modules (26 candidate circRNAs) were mined. Next, 10 DNA methylation-mediated sponge circRNAs (sp_circRNAs) and five sponge driver genes (sp_driver genes) in breast cancer were identified in the CMD network using a computational process. Among the identified genes, ERBB2 was associated with six sponge circRNAs, which illustrates its better sponge regulatory function. Survival analysis showed that DNA methylations of 10 sponge circRNA host genes are potential prognostic biomarkers in the TCGA dataset (p = 0.0239) and GSE78754 dataset (p = 0.0377). In addition, the DNA methylation of two sponge circRNA host genes showed a significant negative correlation with their driver gene expressions. We developed a strategy to predict sponge circRNAs by DNA methylation mediated with playing the role of regulating breast cancer sponge driver genes. Copyright © 2019 Gu, Ci, Zhang, Su, Lv, Chen, Liu, Zhang, Zhang and Zhang.For antibody discovery and engineering, yeast surface display (YSD) of antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) and coupled fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) provide intact paratopic conformations and quantitative analysis at the monoclonal level, and thus holding great promises for numerous applications. Using anti-TNFα mAbs Infliximab, Adalimumab, and its variants as model Fabs, this study systematically characterized complementary approaches for the optimization of Fab YSD. Results suggested that by using divergent promoter GAL1-GAL10 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal peptides for co-expression of light chain and heavy chain-Aga2 fusion, assembled Fabs were functionally displayed on yeast cell surface with sigmoidal binding responses toward TNFα. Co-expression of a Hsp70 family molecular chaperone Kar2p and/or protein-disulfide isomerase (Pdi1p) significantly improved efficiency of functional display (defined as the ratio of cells displaying functional Fab over cells displaying assembled Fab). Moreover, fusing ER retention sequences (ERSs) with light chain also enhanced Fab display quality at the expense of display quantity, and the degree of improvements was correlated with the strength of ERSs and was more significant for Infliximab than Adalimumab. The feasibility of affinity maturation was further demonstrated by isolating a high affinity Fab clone from 1103 or 1105 spiked libraries. Copyright © 2019 Mei, Li, Wang, Lee, Iverson, Zhang, Ge and Yi.Dozens of normalization methods for correcting experimental variation and bias in high-throughput expression data have been developed during the last two decades. Up to 23 methods among them consider the skewness of expression data between sample states, which are even more than the conventional methods, such as loess and quantile. From the perspective of reference selection, we classified the normalization methods for skewed expression data into three categories, data-driven reference, foreign reference, and entire gene set. We separately introduced and summarized these normalization methods designed for gene expression data with global shift between compared conditions, including both microarray and RNA-seq, based on the reference selection strategies. buy JNJ-64619178 To our best knowledge, this is the most comprehensive review of available preprocessing algorithms for the unbalanced transcriptome data. The anatomy and summarization of these methods shed light on the understanding and appropriate application of preprocessing methods. Copyright © 2019 Liu, Li, Liu, Wang, Zhang, Zheng, Leung and Cheng.The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize various concentrations of peppermint essential oil (PEP) loaded on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fiber mats for healing applications, where PEP was intended to impart antibacterial activity to the fibers. SEM images illustrated that the morphology of all electrospun fiber mats was smooth, uniform, and bead-free. The average fiber diameter was reduced by the addition of PEP from 1.6 ± 0.1 to 1.0 ± 0.2 μm. Functional groups of the fibers were determined by Raman spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis demonstrated the actual PEP content in the samples. In vitro degradation was determined by measuring weight loss and their morphology change, showing that the electrospun fibers slightly degraded by the addition of PEP. The wettability of PCL and PEP loaded electrospun fiber mats was measured by determining contact angle and it was shown that wettability increased with the incorporation of PEP. The antimicrobial activity results revealed that PEP loaded PCL electrospun fiber mats exhibited inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative) bacteria. In addition, an in-vitro cell viability assay using normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells revealed improved cell viability on PCL, PCLPEP1.5, PCLPEP3, and PCLGEL6 electrospun fiber mats compared to the control (CNT) after 48 h cell culture. Our findings showed for the first time PEP loaded PCL electrospun fiber mats with antibiotic-free antibacterial activity as promising candidates for wound healing applications. Copyright © 2019 Unalan, Slavik, Buettner, Goldmann, Frank and Boccaccini.