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As the silver tsunami hits the world, older patients with hip fractures are expected to increase to 6.3 million by the year 2050, of which the majority will occur in Asia. The estimated global cost of hip fractures in the year 2050 is estimated to reach U.S. $130 billion. Hence, in addition to implementation of prevention strategies, it is important to develop an optimal model of care for older patients with hip fracture to minimize the huge medical and socioeconomic burden, especially in rapidly aging nations. This review summarizes the complications of hip fractures, importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation, as well as predictors of rehabilitation outcome in older patients with hip fracture.Background Traditional care of patients with geriatric hip fracture has been fragmented with patients admitted under various specialty services and to different units within a hospital. This produces inconsistent care and leads to varying outcomes that can be associated with increased length of stay, delays in time from admission to surgery, and higher readmission rates. Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe the process taken to establish a successful geriatric hip fracture program (GFP) and the initial results observed in a single institution after its implementation. Methods All patients 60 years or older, with an osteoporotic hip fracture sustained from a low energy mechanism (defined as a fall from 3-ft height or less), were included in our program. Fracture patterns include femoral neck, intertrochanteric, pertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric femur fractures including displaced, nondisplaced, and periprosthetic fractures. Preprogram data included all patients admitted from January 1, 2012, tcrease in time from admission to surgery, length of stay, and blood transfusion requirements.The successful implementation of a geriatric fracture program is dependent on engaging a multidisciplinary team. The goal of these programs is to address the unique needs of patients with geriatric fracture by providing the support necessary for return to their prefracture level of activities of daily living. Identifying the key stakeholders and clarifying their role in pre- and postoperative patient support are vital to the development of such an initiative. The purpose of this article is to discuss the steps to plan and implement a geriatric fracture program in a hospital and lessons learned from our experience initiating such a program.Fragility fractures among the older adult population are common, costly, and one of the top acute care facility diagnoses for this age group. Approximately 150,000 older adults in the United States are admitted to a hospital for treatment of a fragility hip fracture annually, with an estimated cost of more than $10 billion to the healthcare system. On admission to the hospital, patient treatment may be delayed, fragmented, or inadequate, adversely impacting length of stay and short- and long-term patient outcomes. Development of a geriatric fracture program implementing standardized, evidence-based guidelines can streamline clinical pathways and care processes and has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective method to improve patient outcomes.Background We evaluated the clinical management and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis-positive adolescents in upstate South Carolina. Methods An EPIC electronic medical record report was generated to identify any physician-ordered T. vaginalis test from February 2016 to December 2017 for patients aged 12-18 years within the Prisma Health Upstate system. Utilizing a case-control study design of patients with a documented T. vaginalis diagnostic result, we reviewed records of patients with physician-ordered T. vaginalis tests for demographics, clinical disease course, sexually transmitted infection test results, treatment order and dosage, infection risk factors, comorbidities, pregnancy term, and neonatal birth outcomes. Results Of 789 male and female adolescents with physician-ordered T. vaginalis tests, 44% had a documented result. Of those with a document test result, 13% were T. vaginalis positive. Cases (n=45) and randomly selected negative controls (n=45) were all female. Luzindole in vitro Cases were more likely to be African American, symptomatic, and present with vaginal discharge, pain, and vulvar itch. T. vaginalis patients were more likely to have documented histories of chlamydia (p less then 0.0001) and gonorrhea (p=0.0191), with 18% having concurrent triple infections (T. vaginalis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea). All 26 pregnant girls with T. vaginalis delivered full-term, healthy infants. Conclusions We identified a disproportionally high burden of T. vaginalis infection, with an alarmingly high rate of triple infections, among a population of suspected high-risk adolescents. Our results indicate the need to clarify infection prevalence, develop pediatrician-focused education campaigns, and elucidate potentially modifiable risk factors for these high-risk patients.Background Four partner notification approaches were introduced in health facilities in Côte d'Ivoire to increase HIV testing uptake amongst the type of contacts (sex partners and biological children under 15). The study assessed the four approaches client referral (index cases refer the contacts for HIV testing), provider referral (healthcare providers refer the contacts), contract referral (index case-provider hybrid approach), and dual referral (both the index and their partner are tested simultaneously). Methods Program data were collected at four facilities from October 2018 to March 2019 from index case files and HIV-testing register. We compared uptake of the approaches, uptake of HIV testing, and HIV positivity percentages, stratified by contact type and gender. Results There were 1,089 sex partners and 469 children from 1,089 newly diagnosed index cases. About 90% of children were contacted through client referral 85.2% of those were tested and 1.4% was positive. 90% of children came from female index cases. The provider referral brought in 56.3% of sex partners, of whom 97.2% were HIV-tested. The client referral brought in 30% of sex partners, of whom only 81.5% were HIV-tested. HIV positivity percentages were 75.5% and 72.7% respectively for the two approaches. Male index cases helped to reach twice as many HIV positive sexual contacts outside the household (115) than female index cases (53). The contract and dual referrals were not preferred by index cases. Conclusion Provider referral is a successful and acceptable strategy for bringing in sex partners for testing. Client referral is preferred for children.Both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There also is concern about the effect of overt maternal thyroid disease on fetal development. In addition, medications that affect the maternal thyroid gland can cross the placenta and affect the fetal thyroid gland. This document reviews the thyroid-related pathophysiologic changes that occur during pregnancy and the effects of overt and subclinical maternal thyroid disease on maternal and fetal outcomes. This Practice Bulletin has been updated with information on the diagnosis and the management of thyroid disease in pregnant women and includes a new clinical algorithm on management of thyroid disease in pregnancy.Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. It has been estimated that preeclampsia complicates 2-8% of pregnancies globally (). In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive disorders are responsible for almost 26% of maternal deaths, whereas in Africa and Asia they contribute to 9% of deaths. Although maternal mortality is much lower in high-income countries than in developing countries, 16% of maternal deaths can be attributed to hypertensive disorders (). In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia increased by 25% between 1987 and 2004 (). Moreover, in comparison with women giving birth in 1980, those giving birth in 2003 were at 6.7-fold increased risk of severe preeclampsia (). This complication is costly one study reported that in 2012 in the United States, the estimated cost of preeclampsia within the first 12 months of delivery was $2.18 billion ($1.03 billion for women and $1.15 billion for infants), which was disproportionately borne by premature births (). This Practice Bulletin will provide guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.Both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There also is concern about the effect of overt maternal thyroid disease on fetal development. In addition, medications that affect the maternal thyroid gland can cross the placenta and affect the fetal thyroid gland. This document reviews the thyroid-related pathophysiologic changes that occur during pregnancy and the effects of overt and subclinical maternal thyroid disease on maternal and fetal outcomes. This Practice Bulletin has been updated with information on the diagnosis and the management of thyroid disease in pregnant women and includes a new clinical algorithm on management of thyroid disease in pregnancy.Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. It has been estimated that preeclampsia complicates 2-8% of pregnancies globally (). In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive disorders are responsible for almost 26% of maternal deaths, whereas in Africa and Asia they contribute to 9% of deaths. Although maternal mortality is much lower in high-income countries than in developing countries, 16% of maternal deaths can be attributed to hypertensive disorders (). In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia increased by 25% between 1987 and 2004 (). Moreover, in comparison with women giving birth in 1980, those giving birth in 2003 were at 6.7-fold increased risk of severe preeclampsia (). This complication is costly one study reported that in 2012 in the United States, the estimated cost of preeclampsia within the first 12 months of delivery was $2.18 billion ($1.03 billion for women and $1.15 billion for infants), which was disproportionately borne by premature births (). This Practice Bulletin will provide guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.Objective To implement a standardized cause of death (CoDe) reporting and review process in order to systematically disaggregate causes of HIV-related deaths in a cohort of Asian children and adolescents. Design Death-related data were retrospectively and prospectively assessed in a longitudinal regional cohort study. Methods Children under routine HIV care at sites in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam between 2008-2017 were followed. Causes of death were reported and then independently and centrally reviewed. Predictors were compared using competing risks survival regression analyses. Results Among 5918 children, 5523 (93%; 52% male) had ever been on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Of 371 (6.3%) deaths, 312 (84%) occurred in those with a history of cART (crude all-cause mortality 9.6 per 1000 person-years; total follow-up time 32,361 person-years). In this group, median age at death was 7.0 (2.9-13) years; median CD4 count was 73 (16-325) cells/mm3. The most common underlying causes of death were pneumonia due to unspecified pathogens (17%), tuberculosis (16%), sepsis (8.