Sherrillsnider5505

99DOTS is a cellphone-based strategy for monitoring tuberculosis medication adherence. In a sample of 597 Indian tuberculosis patients, we compared 99DOTS' adherence assessments against results of urine isoniazid tests collected during unannounced home visits. 99DOTS had suboptimal accuracy for measuring adherence, partly due to poor patient engagement with 99DOTS. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.OBJECTIVE Subthreshold psychosis risk symptoms in the general population may be associated with molecular genetic risk for psychosis. This study sought to optimize the association of risk symptoms with genetic risk for psychosis in a large population-based cohort in the UK (N = 9104 individuals 18-65 years of age) by properly accounting for population stratification, factor structure, and sex. METHODS The newly expanded Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study includes 5391 females and 3713 males with age M [SD] = 45.2 [13] with both risk symptom data and genetic data. Subthreshold psychosis symptoms were measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) and calculation of polygenic risk for schizophrenia was based on 11 425 349 imputed common genetic variants passing quality control. Follow-up examination of other genetic risks included attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, bipolar disorder, major depression, and neuroticism. RESULTS Empirically derived symptom factor scores reflected interpersonal/negative symptoms and were positively associated with polygenic risk for schizophrenia. This signal was largely sex specific and limited to males. Across both sexes, scores were positively associated with neuroticism and major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS A data-driven phenotypic analysis enabled detection of association with genetic risk for schizophrenia in a population-based sample. Multiple polygenic risk signals and important sex differences suggest that genetic data may be useful in improving future phenotypic risk assessment. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.The species composition, distribution, and bionomics of sand flies was investigated from January to December 2017 in four tehsils (20 villages) of district Bajaur (formally Bajaur agency), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In total, 4,173 adult specimens comprising of seven species of Phlebotomus (Diptera Psychodidae) and three species of Sergentomyia (Diptera Psychodidae) were collected by oral aspirator, insecticide spray, and sticky traps from June to October. Highest numbers of flies were collected indoors in July and August when relative humidity and temperature were highest. Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot (Diptera Psychodidae) was the most abundant species from all the collection sites, making approximately 70% of the total capture. Combined dwellings and chicken cages harbored the highest number of adult and immature flies (unrotated external genitalia). Abundance of P. sergenti had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlation with monthly average temperature, relative humidity, and average rainfall in indoor collections. On the other hand, P. papatasi Scopoli displayed similar correlation in the indoor and nighttime collections. Both the species were apparently abundant in the elevation range ≤ 419 m above sea level and on rangelands. Phlebotomus papatasi, however, also occurred on agricultural lands. The number of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases did not significantly correlate with the abundance of sand fly vectors across the villages surveyed. The results reported herein can serve as a baseline for an all-extensive future work in Bajaur. Our investigations will benefit the public health experts and medical entomologists for improved control and surveillance vectors of leishmaniasis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Public management of street food is a challenge in many countries. In Colombia, despite the extension of economic, social and food contribution of the segment and the concern in the public health perspective, the number of researches on the subject still remains insufficient. Thus, this study aimed to establish a panorama on the street food trade in Colombia, considering its mode of operation, food security and contexts of regulation, based on the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2018. A literature review was carried out in the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs, Scopus, Redalyc and Google Scholar databases, as well as in University of Colombia's institutional repositories and scientific books. A set of 19 publications were selected and evaluated in three dimensions, according to the objectives and methodologies applied. At Category 1, relative to work and culture, five studies were retrieved (26.3%), highlighting the economic and social contribution of the sector and the protection of food cultural heritage. Category 2, referring to hygiene and microbiological safety in the activity, covers 11 publications (57.9%) and configured the largest research field of interest in the country. Among the surveyed food pathogens, Salmonella spp. was the most investigated, registering nonconformity in the samples (6.55%). Category 3, which had three articles (15.8%), covered public policies and segment regulation, highlighting the challenges to regulate the sector and the need for intersectional articulation in administrative policies. Carfilzomib The results confirm both the relevance of the segment to food security and the concern with microbiological hazards, demanding strategies to improve its regulation and functioning in the country, aiming to protect the health of consumers.OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the roles of presepsin (PSP) and midregional proadrenomedullin (mr-proADM) in children with febrile neutropenia (FN) due to chemotherapy. METHODS We assessed 36 FN episodes in 26 children. Patients were classified into bacteremia (B) and fever of unknown origin (FUO) groups. We evaluated PSP and mr-proADM at admission (T0), after 24/48 h (T1), and after 5 days (T2). RESULTS PSP and mr-proADM levels were elevated at T0 and significantly decreased at T2. mr-proADM levels did not significantly differ between the B and FUO groups. PSP levels significantly differed between the B and FUO groups only at T1. Both PSP and mr-proADM levels at T0 were a predictor of length of hospital stay but not of the duration of fever. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that PSP and mr-proADM had low diagnostic accuracy for blood culture positivity. CONCLUSION PSP and mr-proADM display poor clinical usefulness for FN in oncologic children. © American Society for Clinical Pathology 2020.