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Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) may have difficulties in performing daily living tasks. Among other daily living tasks, independent oral hygiene is an essential life skill for people with ID.

Four children with intellectual disabilities (two males and two females, ages 7-11) participated in the experiment. We employed the Kinect

V2 sensor to gamify oral hygiene skill training. Specifically, a non-concurrent multiple baseline design was adopted to demonstrate the relation between game-based intervention and independent oral hygiene skills.

All students learned how to brush their teeth independently and maintained the skill 4weeks later with the introduction of the game-based training. Social validity results showed the teachers and parents considered the video game was useful.

The proposed Kinect-based video game might be used for effective training of elementary students with ID to improve oral hygiene independently.

The proposed Kinect-based video game might be used for effective training of elementary students with ID to improve oral hygiene independently.

In laparoscopic surgery, surgical instruments are inserted from a trocar to the target organ in a blind fashion, which carries a risk of organ injury. To clarify the risks associated with surgical instrument insertion, we measured grip strength and pushing/pressing force during surgical instrument insertion in laparoscopic surgery.

Using forceps with sensors inside a trocar, 10 urologists performed a laparoscopic procedure in pigs, in which they were asked to touch the abdominal wall. The surgeons closed their eyes during the procedure and stopped moving the forceps when they felt them come into contact with the abdominal wall. They were ordered to grip the forceps strongly or softly and to move them rapidly or slowly during the procedure. Grip strength and the pushing/pressing force when the forceps hit the abdominal wall were measured and analyzed.

The mean pushing/pressing force when the surgeons gripped the forceps strongly and moved them rapidly (strong/rapid), strongly/slowly, softly/rapidly, and softly/slowly were 2.8, 2.0, 1.7, and 1.1 N, respectively. The pushing/pressing force was significantly greater when the surgeons gripped the forceps strongly, regardless of the forceps speed (P < .001). The pushing/pressing force was significantly greater when the surgeons moved the forceps rapidly, regardless of grip strength (P < .001).

When surgeons insert laparoscopic instruments through trocars, the instruments should be gripped softly and moved slowly to avoid organ injuries.

When surgeons insert laparoscopic instruments through trocars, the instruments should be gripped softly and moved slowly to avoid organ injuries.

This study was designed to investigate the association between pancreatic fat content (PFC) and insulin secretory capacity as well as glucose tolerance in Korean adults.

A total of 39 participants (mean age 49.9 years, 53% males) without a previous history of diabetes, or those previously diagnosed as having diabetes but with less than 10years of disease duration and no medication history were included. They were stratified according to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and diabetes.

All participants underwent the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (

H-MRS) to assess PFC. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIVGTT) and OGTT-derived indices.

As glucose tolerance deteriorated, parameters such as Stumvoll index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity index, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-β, insulinogenic index and oral disposition index from the OGTT, and acute insulin response to glucose (AIR) and disposition index (DI) from the FSIVGTT were decreased. PFC increased with deterioration in glucose tolerance (NGT 12.0%, prediabetes 23.7%, and diabetes 31.9%). Correlation analysis indicated that glucose levels at 60 and 120min during the OGTT were positively correlated with PFC. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between PFC and DI as well as AIR derived from the FSIVGTT.

PFC evaluated by

H-MRS in Korean adults was higher in those diagnosed with diabetes than those with normal glucose tolerance status. PFC also showed a significant negative correlation with indices reflecting beta cell function.

PFC evaluated by 1 H-MRS in Korean adults was higher in those diagnosed with diabetes than those with normal glucose tolerance status. PFC also showed a significant negative correlation with indices reflecting beta cell function.At present, no definitive treatment for articular cartilage defects has been perfected. Most of the previous treatments involved multiple drilling and microfracture over defect sites with repair-related substances, which poses a limited therapeutic effect. End-stage therapy includes artificial knee joint replacement. In this study, we prepared a novel decellularized natural cartilage scaffold from porcine articular cartilage by supercritical CO2 extraction technology and three-dimensional (3D) composites made using decellularized porcine cartilage graft (dPCG) as scaffolds, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), thrombin as signals and chondrocytes as cells for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. see more In this study, in vitro and in vivo cartilage regeneration and the expression of chondrogenic markers were examined. Decellularized cartilage graft (dPCG) was evaluated for the extent of cell and DNA removal. Residual cartilage ECM structure was confirmed to be type II collagen by SDS PAGE and immunostaining. The new 3D composite with dPCG (100 mg and 2 × 106 chondrocytes) scaffold promotes chondrogenic marker expression in vitro. We found that the in vivo 3D composite implanted cartilage defect showed significant regeneration relative to the blank and control implant. Immunohistochemical staining showed increase of expression including Collagen type II and aggrecan in 3D composite both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, the bioengineered 3D composite by combining dPCG scaffold, chondrocytes, and PRP facilitated the chondrogenic marker expression in both in vitro and in vivo models with accelerated cartilage regeneration. This might serve the purpose of clinical treatment of large focal articular cartilage defects in humans in the near future.