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Vertebral fractures with severe osteoporosis were associated with more severe EDC injury. Additionally, the more severe the vertebral fracture, the more severe was the combined EDC injury.

This study found that the incidence rate of EDC injury reached 67.0%. Among patients with OVF, severe osteoporosis and severe fractures in the thoracolumbar segments were often associated with more severe EDC injury.

This study found that the incidence rate of EDC injury reached 67.0%. Among patients with OVF, severe osteoporosis and severe fractures in the thoracolumbar segments were often associated with more severe EDC injury.

Physical activity is a critical component of lifestyle interventions to reduce body weight and maintain weight loss. The goal of this study was to examine the motivations to exercise in young men following a 5-month residential weight loss programme conducted in the Singapore military as part of National Service.

We conducted a sequential mixed methods study starting with three focus groups comprising 21 programme instructors. Fifteen former programme participants aged 20.8 years (±1.4) with an average body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 kg/m

(±4.6) were interviewed in-depth over a total duration of 9 h. Another 487 current programme participants aged 20.8 years (±1.1), BMI 27.1 kg/m

(±2.6), completed a survey on weight loss, physical fitness, and motivations to exercise using the Behaviours Regulating Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3). JIB-04 clinical trial Qualitative data was coded thematically using the six constructs of exercise motivation described by self-determination theory amotivation, external, introjected, identified auggest that successful transition from a residential programme to independent weight management requires a more deliberate pivot from predominantly extrinsic to intrinsic motivational approaches.

Residential programmes such as the one investigated here, should develop a deliberate transition strategy, replace weight loss targets with physical performance goals and promote sports that are appropriate for young men affected by overweight and obesity.

Residential programmes such as the one investigated here, should develop a deliberate transition strategy, replace weight loss targets with physical performance goals and promote sports that are appropriate for young men affected by overweight and obesity.

It has been previously shown that a high percentage of medical students have sleep problems that interfere with academic performance and mental health.

To study the impact of sleep quality, daytime somnolence, and sleep deprivation on medical students, we analyzed data from a multicenter study with medical students in Brazil (22 medical schools, 1350 randomized medical students). We applied questionnaires of daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep, quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms and perception of educational environment.

37.8% of medical students presented mild values of daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale - ESS) and 8.7% presented moderate/severe values. The percentage of female medical students that presented ESS values high or very high was significantly greater than male medical students (p < 0.05). Students with lower ESS scores presented significantly greater scores of quality of life and perception of educational environment and lower scores of depression and anxiety symptoms, and these relationships showed a dose-effect pattern. Medical students reporting more sleep deprivation showed significantly greater odds ratios of presenting anxiety and depression symptoms and lower odds of good quality of life or perception of educational environment.

There is a significant association between sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness with the perception of quality of life and educational environment in medical students.

There is a significant association between sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness with the perception of quality of life and educational environment in medical students.

The COVID-19 pandemic halted non-emergency surgery across Scotland. Measures to mitigate the risks of transmitting COVID-19 are creating significant challenges to restarting all surgical services safely. We describe the development of a risk stratification tool to prioritise patients for cataract surgery taking account both specific risk factors for poor outcome from COVID-19infection as well as surgical 'need'. In addition we report the demographics and comorbidities of patients on our waiting list.

A prospective case review of electronic records was performed. A risk stratification tool was developed based on review of available literature on systemic risk factors for poor outcome from COVID-19infection as well as a surgical 'need' score. Scores derived from the tool were used to generate 6 risk profile groups to allow prioritised allocation of surgery.

There were 744 patients awaiting cataract surgery of which 66 (8.9 %) patients were 'shielding'. One hundred and thirty-two (19.5 %) patients had no ssk and patient need combined with an element of shared decision-making. This has facilitated safe and successful restarting of our cataract service.

COVID-19 has created an urgent challenge to deal safely with cataract surgery waiting lists. This has driven the need for a prompt and pragmatic change to the way we assess risks and benefits of a previously regarded as low-risk intervention. This is further complicated by the majority of patients awaiting cataract surgery being elderly with comorbidities and at higher risk of mortality related to COVID-19. We present a pragmatic method of risk stratifying patients on waiting lists, blending an evidence-based objective assessment of risk and patient need combined with an element of shared decision-making. This has facilitated safe and successful restarting of our cataract service.

L-carnitine decreases oxidation and inflammation by reducing the fatty acid in plasma and using oxygen in ATP synthesis. As such, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can be improved by reducing apoptotic chondrocytes. This study was designed to compare the effect of L-carnitine supplementation and low-calorie diet on improving KOA among obese women. We further investigated the effect of L- carnitine on improvement of KOA in obese women on low calorie diet.

To conduct the study, 76 obese women with KOA were randomly assigned into two low-calorie diet groups the first received 1000 mg of LCG and the second took the placebo (PLG) (n = 38). Anthropometry indices, body composition, lipid profile, C-reactive Protein (CRP), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were assessed at the baseline condition and after 12 weeks.

The mean change of body mass index (BMI) (- 1.21 ± 0.84 vs. -0.79 ± 0.70; P = 0.02) and weight (- 2.76 ± 1.69 vs. -1.95 ± 1.73; P = 0.05) were significant in the LCG compared with the PLG.