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ADHD Stimulant Medication

Stimulants assist people with ADHD manage their focus and impulsive behavior. They can be short-acting or long-acting and are prescribed by neurologists, paediatricians and psychiatrists (and in some cases, GPs).

Stimulants alter the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. They are strictly controlled and can only prescribed by a physician.

Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate is a substance that is part of the class of stimulants and enhances activity in certain areas of the brain. It increases the levels of chemicals such as dopamine and noradrenaline, which help control attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate can be used to treat ADHD and the condition known as narcolepsy. It can also be prescribed to treat depression in adults. However, it is not approved or regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. Methylphenidate gets absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream rapidly and is effective within a matter of hours. It is available as a chewable or immediate-release tablet. The doctor will prescribe a dosage that is suitable for the patient's condition and side effects.

The adverse effects of methylphenidate tend to be minor and will disappear with time, as the body gets used to the medicine. Speak to your doctor should you experience any issues. He can lower the dosage or suggest a different medicine. It is important to take the medication according to the prescription. Don't exceed the recommended dosage. This reduces the risk of abuse or addiction. The US Drug Enforcement Administration has classified the methylphenidate drug as a Schedule II substance, which means it is highly susceptible to abuse. The stimulants can lead to dependence and withdrawal when not taken in the manner prescribed by a doctor.

Inform your doctor if your child has heart problems. This could include irregular heartbeats, or a history of heart attack. Methylphenidate increases heart rate. The doctor will therefore examine their blood pressure prior to beginning treatment. It is also crucial to inform the doctor whether your child is taking any other medications, including herbal remedies, vitamins or supplements.

The doctor will inform you how much medicine to take and how often, along with any other precautions. Methylphenidate is recommended to be taken twice a day in conjunction with meals. Some brands of the chewable methylphenidate tablets with a long-acting action (Quillichew ER, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adhansia XR) contain aspartame, which is a source of phenylalanine. It should not be taken by people suffering from phenylketonuria (an inheritable condition that requires a low-protein diet to prevent severe intellectual impairment).

It is important to stay clear of drinking alcohol or other substances when taking this medication. Some people may experience a decrease in appetite when taking methylphenidate. Encourage your child to take regular meals and snacks if they are losing weight. You may need to remind them to drink lots of squash or water to ensure they are hydrated.

Lisdexamfetamine

Lisdexamfetamine is a central nerve system stimulant, sold under the name Vyvanse. It works by stimulating chemicals found in the brain and the nerves. It improves impulse control and concentration in adolescents, children and adults suffering from ADHD. It also treats the disorder of binge eating (BED) by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine within the brain, and reducing instances of uncontrolled eating.

Lisdexamfetamine is a member of the prodrug class, which is a modified medication that is inactive until it's metabolized within the body. It has demonstrated efficacy and safety in both stimulant naive patients as well as patients exposed to stimulants with ADHD. It is also believed to provide a longer-lasting effect than other stimulants and could have fewer rebound symptoms.

Adler et al27 reported that the ADHD-RS-IV scores significantly improved in a 12-week controlled study. They also reported that the majority of patients who switched to a placebo relapsed within 2 weeks.28 Brams et al29, on the other hand utilized a new design in a random withdrawal study that observed 116 adults for 12 weeks following the discontinuation of the drug lisdexamfetamine. They found that the majority of the patients who relapsed had not been exposed to other stimulants in the two weeks prior to their relapse.

It is important to tell your doctor if you have any allergies to this medication or any other medicines. Also, let your doctor know if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or any other heart issues. Stimulants can increase the chance of having a stroke, heart attacks, or sudden deaths for people suffering from these conditions.

Lisdexamfetamine could be absorbed into breastmilk and cause harm to a nursing infant. It is advised not to breastfeed while taking this medication. Some sufferers might experience shakiness, dizziness or stomach upset while taking this medication. Lisdexamfetamine is not recommended for use by children younger than six years old. Lisdexamfetamine cannot be used by women who are nursing or pregnant. It is not recommended to stop taking this medication unless your doctor advises you to, even if you feel better. adhd treatment medication may want to monitor your heart rate and blood pressure while you're taking this medicine.

Atomoxetine

Atomoxetine (Strattera) is a nonstimulant that acts by blocking the presynaptic norepinephrine-transporter. It is highly specific for this transporter and minimal affinity for other neurotransmitter transportation systems or receptors [115, 136]. In multiple placebo-controlled trials, it improved the inhibitory control of ADHD patients by inhibiting the overactivation of the right inferior cortex (Chamberlain and colleagues, 2009). It was also shown to improve working memory and attention span in children with ADHD. It can take as long as 12 weeks to see its full effects. The dosage is determined by weight and should be increased gradually. A single dose per day is typical. A poor metabolizer of the drug cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) has a higher exposure and a slow elimination of atomoxetine. Testing for pharmacogenetics should be performed prior to prescribing atomoxetine for these individuals.

In a number of controlled studies it has been demonstrated that it is effective in decreasing symptoms of ADHD. It is typically utilized as the first line treatment. It is generally safe and well-tolerated and doesn't increase the risk of suicidal behaviour. It is not as efficient as stimulants in reducing anxiety and tics, and it does not seem to decrease sleep issues, but it has been proven to reduce aggression in children. Atomoxetine is also more likely to interact with antidepressant fluoxetine. Therefore, they should not be taken together [115, 137).

Two other medications that are sometimes prescribed as a first-line treatment for ADHD are Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay) and Guanfacine (Tenex, Intuniv). These drugs were originally created to lower blood pressure in adults. They are referred to as alpha agonists. They work by stimulating certain receptors in the brain to release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine which can decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity. These medications take time to show results and can take up to four weeks for many children before they experience any benefits. In addition, they are not recommended for use with MAOIs (e.g. phenelzine) due to the possibility of serious and potentially fatal adverse reactions, like severe hypothermia, rigidity, myoclonus and autonomic instability extreme agitation and confusion, and delirium.

Other Stimulants

Stimulants are drugs which increase activity in the nervous system. They include a variety of drugs, some legal, and others illicit. They can be used to enhance performance, keep you awake and alert, as well as treat certain medical conditions like ADHD, narcolepsy and depression. Amphetamines and methylphenidate as well as other prescription stimulants are available. The term"stimulant" can be used to describe non-prescription drugs like caffeine and some diet pills, which are used for a variety of reasons, but are not safe when taken with other medications or with certain foods.

Stimants aren't habit-forming in the doses used to treat patients with ADHD However, they may cause side effects. They can cause some people to feel shaky or jittery. They can cause an upset stomach and raise blood pressure.





Some teens and children who are taking stimulants might experience the tics that are repetitive sounds or movements, such as eye blinking and throat clearing. They could also experience a slight delay in growth.

A doctor will decide which stimulant is suitable for you or your child. They will take into consideration other aspects, like age, weight, and whether you or your child has any allergies. They will then prescribe the medication. Always follow the directions of your physician. You should always review the Medication Guide that is included with your medication.

The first option for treating ADHD is usually medication. It's not the only option, but it is the most popular. People of all ages are able to benefit from psychosocial interventions, such as family therapy and behavior modification.

People who take prescription ADHD medication should be screened for the possibility of abuse and misuse and advised to avoid sharing their medication with anyone else. Additionally, they should be encouraged to keep any medications they no longer use in a secure location and dispose of them properly. Health professionals must also frequently check and examine patients for indications of abuse, misuse or addiction. The FDA has demanded that more consistent information be included on the labeling of drugs to help inform patients and their families about these serious dangers.