Shafferwarner4271

(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Family-of-origin aggression (FOA) exposure is a chronic childhood stressor that has been linked to altered stress reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in adulthood. The effects of FOA also spill over between partners in romantic couples, such that one partner's FOA history influences the other's HPA reactivity during couple interactions. However, the direction of these effects is inconsistent, with both heightened and blunted HPA reactivity observed; this heterogeneity suggests the presence of moderators. This study measured HPA reactivity during emotionally vulnerable conversations between young adult romantic partners to assess whether romantic attachment avoidance accounts for this divergence by moderating actor and partner effects of FOA on HPA. A total of 112 opposite-sex couples (224 young adults) provided information on FOA and avoidance, completed dyadic interaction procedures, and provided saliva samples to assess HPA reactivity during interactions. Multilevel structural equation models revealed that FOA did not predict either the actor's or the partner's HPA reactivity. However, FOA and avoidance interacted to produce both actor and partner effects, such that greater FOA exposure heightened HPA reactivity when avoidance was high but blunted reactivity when avoidance was low. The results support the conjecture that proximal relationship-related characteristics, such as attachment avoidance, influence whether distal relationship-related stressors, such as FOA, amplify or attenuate physiological reactivity during emotionally vulnerable interactions. Because HPA reactivity has been linked to a variety of health outcomes, identifying relationship-related buffers of associations between FOA and HPA response may inform future interventions to protect health for FOA-exposed youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).This study of 152 community adults examined whether perfectionism interacts with daily perceived control to predict depressive and anxious symptoms over 4 years. Participants completed measures of higher-order perfectionism dimensions [self-critical (SC), personal standards (PS)] and neuroticism at time 1, daily diaries for 14 consecutive days to assess perceived control over most bothersome events at time 2 three years later, and measures of depressive and anxious symptoms at time 1, time 2, and time 3 four years after baseline. Hierarchical regression analyses of moderator effects demonstrated that individuals with higher SC perfectionism at time 1 and lower perceived control across daily stressors at time 2 had higher levels of depressive symptoms at time 3 than others, adjusting for the effects of time 1 and time 2 depressive and anxious symptoms. Higher SC perfectionism also interacted with lower perceived control to predict time 3 anxious symptoms. PS perfectionism and neuroticism did not interact with perceived control to predict time 3 depressive or anxious symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of addressing cognitive appraisals of one's control over handling daily stressors for the prevention and treatment of depressive and anxious symptoms in individuals with higher SC perfectionism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).In this study, we used multilevel vector autoregressive network analysis to examine clients' intrapersonal and client-therapist interpersonal emotional dynamics from session to session. We expected to find differences in the network structure (i.e., the density) of responders versus nonresponders to treatment. The sample comprised 95 clients treated by 58 therapists in a university clinic. Clients and therapists self-reported their emotions after each session. The functioning level was assessed at the beginning of each session using clients' self-reports. The results indicated that higher intrapersonal density among clients' emotions within the temporal network (associations from session to session) was associated with less improvement in functioning, but higher intrapersonal density among clients' emotions within the contemporaneous network (same-session associations) was not associated with clients' functioning level. Additionally, higher interpersonal density among clients'-therapists' emotions within the contemporaneous network was associated with greater improvement in clients' functioning. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the dynamic nature of emotions within the client, as well as between the client and the therapist and the contribution of such session-by-session emotional dynamics to the outcome of psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Although career development prominently features intertemporal choices (in which choice consequences play out over time), little is known about how an individual should navigate intertemporal career choices to obtain desirable career outcomes. Using a sample of U.S. workers (n = 340), the current study examined the structural predictions of two general intertemporal choice orientations (i.e., time discounting and delay of gratification) and one career-specific intertemporal choice orientation (i.e., career commitment) for career and life satisfaction. The results supported a sequential dual mediator model in which time discounting negatively predicts career and life satisfaction sequentially through delay of gratification and career commitment. Therefore, the present study supports the clinical utility of the intertemporal choice perspective in conceptualizing career fulfillment and facilitating career development and calls for more attention to the underrecognized intertemporal choice perspective in career research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Do patterns of intimate relationship development foreshadow whether couples' unions stay together or end in separation? Integrating tenets from the enduring dynamics and emergent distress models of relationship development, we propose an accumulating distress model suggesting that the trajectories of those in dissolving partnerships (i.e., unions that ultimately end) are characterized by higher base levels of distress that increase more rapidly over time compared to those in continuing partnerships. In addition, we propose that this pattern applies to codevelopment between partners those in dissolving unions are expected to have higher base dissimilarity that increases more rapidly over time compared to continuing couples. We further test whether the proposed patterns of codevelopment are equally apparent in young and middle adult couples. To test this model, we draw on data from 1,965 couples from 2 age groups in the German Family Panel study surveyed annually 7 times. KRAS G12C inhibitor 19 clinical trial Results support the concept of accumulating distress in the trajectories of relationship satisfaction, commitment, and conflict.