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OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic value of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved, mid-range or reduced ejection fraction (EF). METHODS Patients hospitalised for acute HF were enrolled in the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry, a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study, between March 2011 and February 2014. HF types were defined as reduced EF (HFrEF, LVEF less then 40%), mid-range EF (HFmrEF, LVEF 40%-49%) or preserved EF (HFpEF, LVEF ≥50%). RESULTS Of 5414 patients enrolled, HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF were seen in 3182 (58.8%), 875 (16.2%) and 1357 (25.1%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of AF significantly increased with increasing EF (HFrEF 28.9%, HFmrEF 39.8%, HFpEF 45.2%; p for trend less then 0.001). During follow-up (median, 4.03 years; IQR, 1.39-5.58 years), 2806 (51.8%) patients died. The adjusted HR of AF for all-cause death was 1.06 (0.93-1.21) in the HFrEF, 1.10 (0.87-1.39) in the HFmrEF and 1.22 (1.02-1.46) in the HFpEF groups. The HR for the composite of all-cause death or readmission was 0.97 (0.87-1.07), 1.14 (0.93-1.38) and 1.03 (0.88-1.19) in the HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF groups, respectively, and the HR for stroke was 1.53 (1.03-2.29), 1.04 (0.57-1.91) and 1.90 (1.13-3.20), respectively. Similar results were observed after propensity score matching analysis. CONCLUSIONS AF was more common with increasing EF. AF was seen to be associated with increased mortality only in patients with HFpEF and was associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients with HFrEF or HFpEF. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01389843. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) according to seasonal variations because the roles of these factors remain controversial to date. METHODS A total of 38 928 OHCAs of cardiac origin that occurred within eight metropolitan areas between 2012 and 2016 were identified from the Korean nationwide emergency medical service database. A time series multilevel approach based on Poisson analysis following a Granger causality test was used to analyse the influence of air pollution and 13 meteorological variables on OHCA occurrence. find more RESULTS Particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), average temperature, daily temperature range and humidity were significantly associated with a higher daily OHCA risk (PM2.5 1.59%; 95% CI 1.51% to 1.66% per 10µg/m3, average temperature 0.73%, 95% CI 0.63% to 0.84% per 1°C, daily temperature range 1.05%, 95% CI 0.63% to 1.48% per 1°C, humidity -0.48, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.56 per 1%) on lag day 1. In terms of the impact of these four risk factors in different seasons, average temperature and daily temperature range were highly associated with OHCA in the summer and winter, respectively. However, only PM2.5 elevation (to varying extents) was an independent and consistent OHCA risk factor irrespective of the season. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5, average temperature, daily temperature range and humidity were independently associated with OHCA occurrence in a season-dependent manner. Importantly, PM2.5 was the only independent risk factor for OHCA occurrence irrespective of seasonal changes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVE Distinguishing early dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) from physiological left ventricular (LV) dilatation with LV ejection fraction 63% had sensitivity of 77% and 83%, respectively, and specificity of 96% and 92%, respectively, for predicting DCM. CONCLUSION Comprehensive assessment using a cascade of routine investigations revealed that exercise stress echocardiography has the greatest discriminatory value in differentiating between grey-zone athletes and asymptomatic patients with DCM. Our findings require validation in larger studies. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.In this introductory essay, we will present a translational medical humanities approach where the humanities are not only an auxiliary to medical science and practice, but also an interdisciplinary space where both medicine and the humanities mutually challenge and inform each other. First, we explore how medicine's attempt to tackle the nature-culture divide is emblematically expressed in the concept and practice of knowledge translation (hereinafter KT). Second, we compare and contrast KT as an epistemic ideology and a socio-medical practice, with concepts and practices of translation developed in the human sciences. In particular, we emphasise Derrida's understanding of translation as inherent in all meaning making, as a fundamentally textual process and as a process necessarily creating difference rather than semantic equivalence. Finally, we analyse a case from clinical medicine showing how a more refined notion of translation can enlighten the interaction between biomedical and cultural factors. Such a translational medical humanities approach also requires a rethinking of the concept of evidence in medicine. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.This article analyses how World War II shifted and contained embodied experiences of waiting in relation to broader ideas of lived time in modernity. The trench warfare of World War I has often been imagined as a limit experience of anxious waiting, but World War II produced compelling accounts of experiences of suspended time in civilian populations exposed to the threat and anticipation of 'total war'. This article analyses representations of this suspended present drawn from Elizabeth Bowen and Virginia Woolf, alongside materials in the Mass Observation Archive, to develop an account of how exposure to a future shaped by the potential of annihilation from the air reshaped experiences of durational temporality and the timescapes of modernity in the London Blitz. It also explores the relationship between anxiety, waiting, and care by attending to psychoanalytic theories that developed in the wartime work of Wilfred Bion and Melanie Klein. Extending Freud's account of anxiety as producing 'yet time', this article describes how and why both literary and psychoanalytic texts came to understand waiting and thinking with others as creating the conditions for taking care of the future.