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007). Surprisingly, despite the risk of discrimination, keeping the neonate as the purpose, there was agreement on giving all the information to parents and medical records. Another controversial aspect was the follow-up of cases without hiding their identification where officials with more experience in bioethical aspects preferred the use of codes (4.5 vs. 1.26 years on average, p=0.009). In this context, strategies such as informed dissent, specialized advice or public health programs that appreciate diversity would allow to rescue even seemingly opposite values. Conclusion A local approach regarding what ought to be in neonatal screening based on a deliberative bioethical perspective allowed to present an implementation proposal for this activityIntroduction Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, shows substantial phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, which can influence the epidemiological and clinical variations of the disease and the sensitivity to the drugs used in the treatment. Objective To assess the in vitro susceptibility to benznidazole, nifurtimox, and posaconazole of 40 cloned strains of T. cruzi isolated in Paraguay belonging to different genotypes, hosts, and localities. Materials and methods We incubated the parasites in their epimastigote stage in LIT culture medium with different concentrations of each drug in triplicate assays. The degree of susceptibility was estimated by the inhibitory concentrations of 50 and 90% (IC50 and IC90) to obtain the average values and the standard deviation for each strain and drug. We determined the statistical significance between groups by analysis of variances with the Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and values of p less then 0.05. Results A wide range of drug response was observed. Two groups of parasites (A and B) were identified as having significant differences in susceptibility to benznidazole (p less then 0.0001), and three groups (A, B, C) to nifurtimox and posaconazole (p less then 0.0001). Conclusions Overall, the isolates were more susceptible to nifurtimox than benznidazole and posaconazole. Such differences highlight the heterogeneity of T. cruzi populations circulating in Paraguay, an aspect to consider in the treatment and follow up of patients.Introduction Pneumonia is the leading cause of death due to infection in the world, mainly affecting the older adult population. Objective To determine the risk factors associated with lethality at 30 days in patients with pneumonia in an acute care for the elderly unit. Materials and methods We conducted an observational, analytical retrospective cohort study including 114 patients aged 60 years and older hospitalized in an acute care geriatric unit with a diagnosis of pneumonia. The primary outcome was lethality at 30 days. Bivariate and multivariable log-binomial regression analyzes were performed to explore the relationship between independent variables and the primary outcome. Results The 30-day lethality was 26.3% and the mean age was 84.45 ± 7.37 years; 54.4% of participants were men. In the multivariable analysis, age ≥90 years (Relative Risk, RR=1.62, 95% CI 1.05-2.68, p=0.04), multilobar commitment (RR=1.92, 95% CI1.12-3.32, p=0.02), elevated urea nitrogen (≥22.5 the median; RR=3.93, 95% CI1.67-9.25, p less then 0.01), and a score of zero in the Lawton index at admission (RR=3.20, 95% CI1.05-9.78, p=0.04) were independent predictors of 30-day lethality from pneumonia. Conclusion In older adults hospitalized for pneumonia in an acute care geriatric unit, advanced age, the presence of multilobar commitment, dependency in functional status, and elevated ureic nitrogen levels were the main predictors of short-term lethality risk.Introduction. The Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant (1,4,[5],12i-) is currently the most commonly detected variant in Salmonella surveillance programs worldwide. In Colombia, the Salmonella enterica monophasic variant is the fourth most common clinical isolate recovered through the laboratory surveillance of the Grupo de Microbiología from the Instituto Nacional de Salud; however, it is unknown whether these isolates are closely related to the monophasic Typhimurium variant, which circulates globally, and their genetic and phenotypic characteristics have not been reported. this website Objective. To characterize monophasic Salmonella enterica isolates identified in Colombia from 2015 to 2018 by the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Materials and methods. Two hundred eighty-six clinical isolates of the monophasic Salmonella enterica variant were analyzed by PCR or whole-genome sequencing to confirm whether they corresponded to the Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant while the genetic structure of the operon encoding the second flagellar phase was determined in 54 isolates. Motility, growth, and expression of the outer membrane proteins were evaluated in 23 isolates. Results. During the study period in Colombia, 61% (n=174) of Salmonella monophasic isolates belonged to Salmonella Typhimurium serovar monophasic (1,4,[5],12i-). Of these, 64.8% (n=35/54) were related to the European/Spanish clone and 13% (n=7/54) to the U.S. clone. Two isolates recovered from urine samples showed differences in motility, growth, and the absence of the OmpD porin in M9 minimal medium. Conclusions. Most of the monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium variants that have circulated in Colombia since 2015 lacked the second phase of operon fljAB, which is related to the European/Spanish clone. The results evidenced phenotypic changes in urine samples suggesting bacterial adaptation in the case of these invasive samples.Introduction As an initiative to improve the quality of health care, the trend in biomedical research focused on health disparities and sex has increased. Objective To carry out a characterization of the scientific evidence on health disparity defined as the gap between the distribution of health and the possible gender bias for access to medical services. Materials and methods We conducted a simultaneous search of two fundamental descriptors in the scientific literature in the Medline PubMed database healthcare disparities and sexism. Subsequently, a main semantic network was built and some structural subunits (communities) were identified for the analysis of information organization patterns. We used open-source software Cytoscape to analyze and visualize the semantic network, and MapEquation for community detection, as well as an ad hoc code available in a public access repository. Results The core network corpus showed that the terms on heart disease were the most common among the descriptors of medical conditions.