Schwarzskovbjerg1231

Over the past century, groundwater levels in California's San Joaquin Valley have dropped more than 30 m in some areas mostly due to excessive groundwater extraction used to irrigate agricultural lands and sustain a growing population. Between 2012 and 2015 California experienced the worst drought in its recorded history, depleting surface water supplies and further exacerbating groundwater depletion in the region. Due to a lack of groundwater regulation, exact quantities of extracted groundwater in California are unknown and hard to quantify. Recent adoption of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act has intensified efforts to identify sustainable groundwater use. However, understanding sustainable use in a highly productive agricultural system with an extremely complex surface water allocation system, variable groundwater use, and spatially extensive and diverse irrigation practices is no easy task. Using an integrated hydrologic model coupled with a land surface model we evaluated how water management activities, specifically a suite of irrigation and groundwater pumping scenarios, impact surface water-groundwater fluxes and storage components, and how those activities and the relationships between them change during drought. Results showed that groundwater pumping volume had the most significant impact on long-term water storage changes. Comparison with total water storage anomaly (TWSA) estimates from NASA's Gravity Recover and Climate Experiment (GRACE) provided some insight as to which combinations of pumping and irrigation matched the GRACE TWSA estimates, lending credibility to these scenarios. Additionally, the majority of long-term water storage changes during the recent drought occurred in groundwater storage in the deeper subsurface. This article is protected by copyright. learn more All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.An optimal habitat-selecting organism should use a dispersal strategy that enables occupation of the habitat yielding greatest fitness. The strategy is complicated when habitat quality varies through time. Theory predicts that the long-term distribution of individuals will match mean habitat quality while undermatching current habitat quality. I tested the prediction with experiments on controlled populations of meadow voles occupying two pairs of field enclosures. I released equal numbers, and equal sexes, of voles in each enclosure, and varied resource abundance between enclosures by supplemental feeding. I measured the voles' response with giving-up densities (GUDs) in artificial foraging patches, and with live-trapping at the end of the experiment. The data were consistent with only one of four a priori dispersal models. Giving-up densities declined with resource supply because short-term supply had no effect on population density. GUDs were invariant to the time-course of the experiment because densities were proportional to each enclosure's long-term mean quality. Similar patterns in sex ratios and patterns of habitat occupation by juvenile voles born during the experiment reinforce the interpretation of time-averaged habitat matching. This study adds to the cumulating evidence that strategies of space use converge towards behavioral and evolutionary optima. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.According to the American Psychiatric Association, eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behaviors that result in altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impair physical health and/or psychosocial functioning. EDs are chronic psychiatric illnesses and are notoriously difficult to treat. The etiology of eating disorders is unknown and thought to be a complex interplay among biological predisposition, environmental and sociocultural factors, neurobiological influences, and psychological factors. Moreover, prevalence of eating disorders is increasing despite variation in prevalence estimates across studies. Nurses are well-positioned to implement appropriate screening for and comprehensive assessment of EDs as well as offer patient-centered treatment options including referrals when indicated. As the first in a two-part series, this article provides an overview of the clinical characteristics of EDs and key areas for assessment and diagnostic considerations. The follow-up article in this series will focus on pharmacological treatment strategies. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(3), 7-13.]. Copyright 2020, SLACK Incorporated.RNA displays diverse functions in living cells. The presence of various chemical modifications of RNA mediated by enzymes is one of the factors that impart such functional diversity to RNA. Among more than 100 types of RNA modification, N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is found mainly in tRNA and rRNA of many living organisms, and is known to be deeply implicated in the topology or function of the two classes of RNA. In this commentary article, we would like to deal with the functional significance of m1A in RNA, and also to describe one methyltransferase installing m1A in a large subunit rRNA, whose orthologue in C. elegans was discovered recently and was reported in this journal. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and both geophagy and cognitive function of children. STUDY DESIGN The study prospectively followed singleton children whose mothers participated in the MiPPAD clinical trial in Allada, Benin, from birth to age 12 months. Anthropometric measurements were taken at birth and 9 and 12 months. Wasting, stunting and underweight were defined as weight-for-length, length-for-age and weight-for-age Z-scores less than -2, respectively. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Parent-reported geophageous habits of children were collected when the children were 12 months. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to analyse the data. RESULTS A total of 632 children (49.7% girls) were involved in the study. Stunting, wasting and underweight were observed in 14.1%, 13.6% and 17.7%, respectively, at 9 months and 17.3%, 12.7% and 17.2%, respectively, at 12 months.