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Every unit increase in total social support was associated with a 34% increased odds, while every unit increase in the hazardous drinking score corresponded with 30% decreased odds, of achieving healthy sleep efficiency.

Light physical activity, social support, and alcohol consumption may be key modifiable intervention targets to improving sleep duration and sleep efficiency in this population.

Light physical activity, social support, and alcohol consumption may be key modifiable intervention targets to improving sleep duration and sleep efficiency in this population.

Poor control of asthma symptoms is associated with a higher asthma disease burden, and asthma medication adherence is a known predictor for a better control status. This study sought to describe the current asthma control status, self-reported treatment adherence, and the association between them, as well as to describe how control level and better adherence impact the health outcomes of asthma patients.

This study used cross-sectional data from the 2018 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS). Asthma control status and adherence were assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8), respectively. Asthma treatment and patients' health outcomes, i.e. health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity, were self-reported. Asthma control and self-reported treatment adherence were analyzed descriptively, and the association was investigated by comparing mean ACT scores across adherence levels. Health outcomes were compared across control and adherence levels by multivariate analyses.

A total of 816 patients had a physician diagnosis of asthma, with 67.0% reporting at least well controlled (ALWC). Of 505 asthma patients receiving prescription medication, half reported low adherence to medication use. Among asthma patients reporting high adherence, 35.6% were not well controlled (NWC). After adjusting for covariates, NWC asthma patients had significantly worse health outcomes than ALWC patients.

One-third of asthma patients in Japan suffer from poorly controlled asthma. Results of the 2018 NHWS show that poor control status negatively affects patients' HRQoL and work productivity, suggesting an unmet need for better treatments to lessen the burden of asthma.

One-third of asthma patients in Japan suffer from poorly controlled asthma. Results of the 2018 NHWS show that poor control status negatively affects patients' HRQoL and work productivity, suggesting an unmet need for better treatments to lessen the burden of asthma.

A pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe. Although many articles have established the clinical characteristics of adult COVID-19 patients so far, limited data are available for children. The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical features, laboratory findings and nucleic acid test results of ten pediatric cases.

In this retrospective single-center cohort study, pediatric cases with COVID-19 infection were consecutively enrolled in one hospital in Huangshi, China from January 1 to March 11, 2020.

A total of 10 children with COVID-19 were recruited. Of them, four were the asymptomatic type, one was the mild type, and five were the moderate type (including two subclinical ones). All patients were from family clusters. Only fever, nasal discharge and nasal congestion were observed. Lymphopenia and leukopenia were uncommon in our sample but elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) were observed frequently. Of these laboratory test variables, no statistical difference was identified between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Abnormalities in radiological data were detected in five patients, and representative findings of chest CT images were patchy shadows and ground-glass opacities. There were two cases whose oropharyngeal nucleic acid tests reversed to positive after one negative result, and two patients whose oropharyngeal swabs tested negative but rectal swabs showed positive.

Clinical symptoms were mild in children with COVID-19. Increased levels of LDH and α-HBDH were potential clinical biomarkers for pediatric cases. More attention should be paid to the SARS-CoV-2 viral assessment of rectal swabs before patients are discharged.

Clinical symptoms were mild in children with COVID-19. Increased levels of LDH and α-HBDH were potential clinical biomarkers for pediatric cases. More attention should be paid to the SARS-CoV-2 viral assessment of rectal swabs before patients are discharged.Welcome to a new decade and a new issue of the Biomedical Journal - casting a sorrowful look onto a year that will go down in history as a tombstone etched by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also a hopeful glance into the future, now that multiple vaccination programs against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have started. This issue is dedicated to the continuous effort by researchers all around the globe to understand and counter the pathogen, as well as to be better prepared for future threats. Therefore, we learn about the advantages of complex 3D cell culture models for studying host-virus interactions, and the disease course of COVID-19 in children. Moreover, we discover how neutralising monoclonal antibodies and peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are developed, and the therapeutic potentials of lopinavir/ritonavir, mesenchymal stem cells, as well as plant and algae extracts. Finally, we ponder over the lessons to be learnt from SARS-CoV and MERS, and hear about differences between nucleotide-based SARS-CoV-2 detection methods.

Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Despite adhering to a gluten-free diet (the only management option available to patients with CeD), many patients continue to experience symptoms and intestinal injury. Degradation of immunogenic fractions of gluten peptides in the stomach has been proposed as an approach to reduce toxicity of ingested gluten; however, no enzymes evaluated to date have demonstrated sufficient gluten degradation in complex meals. TAK-062 is a novel, computationally designed endopeptidase under development for the treatment of patients with CeD.

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of TAK-062 100-900 mg were evaluated in a phase I dose escalation study in healthy participants and patients with CeD. Gluten degradation by TAK-062 was evaluated under simulated gastric conditions invitro and in healthy participants in the phase I study, with and without pretreatment with a proton pump inhibitor. Residual gluten (collected through gastric aspiration in the phase I study) was quantified using R5 and G12 monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Invitro, TAK-062 degraded more than 99% of gluten (3 g and 9 g) within 10 minutes. In the phase I study, administration of TAK-062 was well tolerated and resulted in a median gluten degradation ranging from 97% to more than 99% in complex meals containing 1-6 g gluten at 20-65 minutes postdose.

TAK-062 is well tolerated and rapidly and effectively degrades large amounts of gluten, supporting the development of this novel enzyme as an oral therapeutic for patients with CeD. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03701555, https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03701555.).

TAK-062 is well tolerated and rapidly and effectively degrades large amounts of gluten, supporting the development of this novel enzyme as an oral therapeutic for patients with CeD. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03701555, https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03701555.).

Increasing evidence supports the role of early-life gut microbiota in developing atopic diseases, but ecological changes to gut microbiota during infancy in relation to food sensitization remain unclear. We aimed to characterize and associate these changes with the development of food sensitization in children.

In this observational study, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized the composition of 2844 fecal microbiota in 1422 Canadian full-term infants. Atopic sensitization outcomes were measured by skin prick tests at age 1 year and 3 years. The association between gut microbiota trajectories, based on longitudinal shifts in community clusters, and atopic sensitization outcomes at age 1 and 3 years were determined. Ethnicity and early-life exposures influencing microbiota trajectories were initially examined, and post-hoc analyses were conducted.

Four identified developmental trajectories of gut microbiota were shaped by birth mode and varied by ethnicity. The trajectory with persistentlygut Bacteroides abundance throughout infancy and sensitization to peanuts in childhood. It is the first to show a mediation role for infant gut microbiota in ethnicity-associated development of food sensitization.

Bacterial swarming, a collective movement on a surface, has rarely been associated with human pathophysiology. This study aims to define a role for bacterial swarmers in amelioration of intestinal stress.

We developed a polymicrobial plate agar assay to detect swarming and screened mice and humans with intestinal stress and inflammation. From chemically induced colitis in mice, as well as humans with inflammatory bowel disease, we developed techniques to isolate the dominant swarmers. We developed swarm-deficient but growth and swim-competent mutant bacteria as isogenic controls. We performed bacterial reinoculation studies in mice with colitis, fecal 16S, and meta-transcriptomic analyses, as well as invitro microbial interaction studies.

We show that bacterial swarmers are highly predictive of intestinal stress in mice and humans. We isolated a novel Enterobacter swarming strain, SM3, from mouse feces. SM3 and other known commensal swarmers, in contrast to their mutant strains, abrogated intestinal inflammation in mice. Treatment of colitic mice with SM3, but not its mutants, enriched beneficial fecal anaerobes belonging to the family of Bacteroidales S24-7. We observed SM3 swarming associated pathways in the invivo fecal meta-transcriptomes. Invitro growth of S24-7 was enriched in presence of SM3 or its mutants; however, because SM3, but not mutants, induced S24-7 invivo, we concluded that swarming plays an essential role in disseminating SM3 invivo.

Overall, our work identified a new but counterintuitive paradigm in which intestinal stress allows for the emergence of swarming bacteria; however, these bacteria act to heal intestinal inflammation.

Overall, our work identified a new but counterintuitive paradigm in which intestinal stress allows for the emergence of swarming bacteria; however, these bacteria act to heal intestinal inflammation.

Benign biliary strictures (BBS) are complications of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Endotherapy using multiple plastic stents (MPS) or a fully covered self-expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) are acceptable treatment options for biliary obstructive symptoms in these patients.

Patients with symptomatic CP-associated BBS enrolled in a multicenter randomized noninferiority trial comparing 12-month treatment with MPS vs FCSEMS. Primary outcome was stricture resolution status at 24 months, defined as absence of restenting and 24-month serum alkaline phosphatase not exceeding twice the level at stenting completion. Secondary outcomes included crossover rate, numbers of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCPs) and stents, and stent- or procedure-related serious adverse events.

Eighty-four patients were randomized to MPS and 80 to FCSEMS. Crenolanib Baseline technical success was 97.6% for MPS and 98.6% for FCSEMS. Eleven patients crossed over from MPS to FCSEMS, and 10 from FCSEMS to MPS. For MPS vs FCSEMS, respectively, stricture resolution status at 24 months was 77.