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There is sparse research directly investigating the effects of trust manipulations in human-human and human-robot interactions. Moreover, studies on human-human versus human-robot trust have leveraged unusual or low vulnerability contexts to investigate such effects and have focused mostly on robot performance. In the present research, we seek to remedy these limitations and compare trust in human-human versus human-robot collaborations in an augmented and adapted version of the Trust Game. We used a mixed factorial design to examine the effects of trust and trust violations on human-human and human-robot interactions over time with an emphasis on anthropomorphic robots in a social context. We found consistent and significant effects of partner behavior. Specifically, partner distrust behaviors led to participants' lower levels of trustworthiness perceptions, trust intentions, and trust behaviors over time compared to partner trust behaviors. We found no significant effect of partnering with a human versus an anthropomorphic robot over time across the three dependent variables, supporting the computers as social actors (CASA; Nass and Moon, 2000) paradigm. This study demonstrated that there may be instances where the effects of trust violations from an anthropomorphized robot partner are not meaningfully different from those of a human partner in a social context.

Fahr's syndrome due to hypoparathyroidism refers to bilateral basal ganglia (BG) calcifications and manifests with movement disorders, seizures, cognitive and behavioral symptoms.

We report a case of a 74-year-old woman, who presented with parkinsonism due to post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and normal DaT scan, despite extensive calcifications of the BG, periventricular white matter, and cerebellum.

A comprehensive literature review of all reported cases of Fahr's syndrome due to hypoparathyroidism was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of science. Moreover, demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients overall were calculated and associated with radiological findings.

We reviewed a total of 223 cases with Fahr's syndrome due to hypoparathyroidism (124 female, 99 male). Mean age on presentation was 44.6 ± 17.7 years. Thirty nine percent of patients had idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, 35.4 % acquired and 25.6 % pseudohypoparathyroidism. Almost half of the patients had tetandopaminergic function of the BG.

Transradial access (TRA) for neuroendovascular procedures has several clear benefits compared to transfemoral access. In this study, we report our initial experience with neuroendovascular procedures performed via transradial access using the novel Ballast 088 long sheath.

We conducted a retrospective analysis and identified 91 consecutive patients who underwent neuroendovascular procedures via TRA using the Ballast 088 long sheath. Data collection was performed on indication for procedure, number of vessels selectively catheterized, fluoroscopy time, procedure duration, radiation exposure, failure of radial access and conversion to transfemoral access, periprocedural complications, and procedural outcomes.

Amongst 91 patients, the average age was 65.5 years ± 14.2 with 45 (49.5 %) female patients. 25 (27.5 %) patients underwent aneurysm treatment, 2 (2.2 %) AVM/AVF embolization, 28 (30.8 %) intracranial or extracranial stenting, 31 (34.1 %) stroke treatment, and 5 (5.5 %) underwent diagnostic angiogram. The mean number of target vessels catheterized was 1.07 ± 0.25, the mean procedure duration (minutes) was 96.5 ± 57.2, mean fluoroscopy time (minutes) was 21.9 ± 14.2, mean contrast dose (ml) was 112.7 ± 66.7, and mean radiation exposure (Gycm2) was 54.82 ± 41.37. The success rate of target vessel catheterization was 100 %. Selleckchem Proteasome inhibitor There were no complications resulting in long term sequelae. Access complications occurred in 1 (1.1 %) patients. Transfemoral conversion was required in 3 (3.3 %) patients.

The Ballast 088 long sheath is safe and effective for TRA in neuroendovascular procedures with a low rate of complications and conversion.

The Ballast 088 long sheath is safe and effective for TRA in neuroendovascular procedures with a low rate of complications and conversion.

Issues concerning harassment, bullying and discrimination are not unknown to medical specialties and are likely to be present in neurosurgery as well. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent to which neurosurgeons are faced with issues pertaining to this mistreatment.

A survey consisting of fourteen questions was distributed among members of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS). The survey consisted of three parts 1) demographics; 2) exposure to mistreatment; 3) experienced burnout symptoms.

In total 503 out of the 5665 approached CNS members filled in a survey (response rate 8.9 %). Respondents consisted for 85.9 % out of neurosurgeons and for 13.9 % out of residents. Overall, 61.4 % of the respondents was a victim of form of abusive behavior, while 47.9 % was a victim of at least one form of discrimination. Most reported sources of these mistreatments were other neurosurgeons or (family of) patients. Overall, 49.9 % of the respondents experienced burnout symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female respondents had higher odds of being a victim of abuse (OR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.4-4.6). Female respondents (OR 19.8, 95 % CI 8.9-43.9) and ethnic minorities (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 2.3-6.2) had higher odds of being a victim of discrimination. Furthermore, victims of abuse were at higher odds (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.1-2.6) of having burnout symptoms.

Mistreatment and experiencing burnout symptoms frequently occurs among neurosurgeons and residents.

Mistreatment and experiencing burnout symptoms frequently occurs among neurosurgeons and residents.NanoLuc luciferase recently gained popularity due to its small size and superior bioluminescence performance. For in vivo imaging applications, NanoLuc has been limited by its substrate furimazine, which has low solubility and bioavailability. Herein, we compared the performances of recently reported NanoLuc luciferase substrates for in vivo imaging in mice. Two substrates with improved aqueous solubility, hydrofurimazine and fluorofurimazine, were evaluated along with three stabilized O-acetylated furimazine analogues, the hikarazines. All 5 analogues, when tested in vitro, displayed greater signal intensity and reaction duration, in comparison to the standard NanoLuc substrate, furimazine. The two best-performing analogues from the in vitro study were selected for further in vivo testing. The NanoLuc/fluorofurimazine pair demonstrated the highest bioluminescence intensity, post intravenous administration. It was found to be around 9-fold brighter compared to the NanoLuc/furimazine and 11-fold more intense than the NanoLuc/hikarazine-003 pair, with an average of 3-fold higher light emission when the substrate was injected intraperitoneally, in a subcutaneous model.