Santanakhan7917

As a chronic inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) is relevant to a rising risk of colorectal cancer. Dihydroberberine (DHBB), a natural occurring isoquinoline alkaloid with various bioactivities, was found in many plants including Coptis chinensis Franch. (Ranunculaceae), Phellodendron chinense Schneid. (Rutaceae), and Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae). However, its protective effect on UC is sparsely dissected out.

To explore the protective role and underlying mechanism of DHBB on a model of colitis.

Acute colitis model was established by gavage with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 8 days. Influence of DHBB on DSS-induced clinical symptoms and disease activity index (DAI) was monitored and analyzed. Pathological injury of colon tissues was examined by hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue staining. The expression of intestinal mucosal barrier function proteins, immune-inflammation related biomarkers and signal pathway key targets were determined by ELISA kit, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR.

DHBB treatment effectively alleviated DSS-induced UC by relieving clinical manifestations, DAI scores and pathological damage, which exerted similar beneficial effect to azathioprine (AZA), and better than berberine (BBR). In addition, DHBB significantly improved the gut barrier function through up-regulating the levels of tight junction proteins and mucins. Furthermore, DHBB dramatically ameliorated colonic immune-inflammation state, which was related to the decrease of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin through blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway.

These results demonstrated that DHBB exerted a significant protective effect on DSS-induced experimental UC, at least partly through suppressing immune-inflammatory response and maintaining gut barrier function.

These results demonstrated that DHBB exerted a significant protective effect on DSS-induced experimental UC, at least partly through suppressing immune-inflammatory response and maintaining gut barrier function.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) is a characterized by symptoms different from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). LPR can causes chronic mucosal inflammation which may lead to an increase in cytokine production, and a systemic decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels. Our aim in this study is to evaluate antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with LPR.

Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaire, extraesophageal symptom questionnaire which is included in RSI and Reflux Finding Score (RFS) evaluation with 70° rigid laryngoscope were performed to patients who applied to the otolaryngology clinic with a typical LPR complaint, and 60 patients who had an RSI score above 13 and an RFS score above 7 were included in the study. Thirty people consisting of healthy volunteers were included in the control group. Antioxidant enzyme SOD, GSH-Px and CAT levels were measured in the blood serum of the patients and compared with the control group. Results obtained from biochemical tests were expressed as mean ± SE. De ± 9.113 µU / mL (P < 0.01) and CAT 12.67 ± 0.799 KU / L (P < 0.001). The RSI results ranges from 4 to 39 and the RFS from 8 to 22. Antioxidant enzyme levels demonstrated fairly consistent reliability with individual variables from both RFS and RFS. There was also a highly significant statistical correlation between RSI and RFS.

We found that the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and catalase enzyme levels were significantly lower in LPR patients. Treatment modalities to reduce oxidative stress (OS) in LPR should be investigated.

We found that the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and catalase enzyme levels were significantly lower in LPR patients. Treatment modalities to reduce oxidative stress (OS) in LPR should be investigated.

Trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) and primary radiotherapy are the two modalities used to treat early T stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC). Prior literature including a recent randomized controlled trial have not shown the superiority of one modality over the other. When the modalities have similar outcomes, cost-effectiveness have an important role in deciding on the appropriate treatment. There are economic evaluations comparing the two modality with contradicting conclusions. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the evidence.

This is a systematic review of economic evaluations on the treatment modalities for OPSCC, namely TORS versus radiotherapy. The main outcome measures were the Cost-utility results reported as the effectiveness and costs separately and as part of the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio.

Literature search identified five articles reporting cost-utility analysis, eligible for the review. A strategy is considered to be dominant when the effectiveness achievedOPSCC, if the addition of adjuvant therapy involving radiotherapy can be avoided. Literature have shown that around 70% of the early cancers would require adjuvant treatment. This implies the importance of case selection while considering TORS as the initial treatment modality.

Multifocality is increasingly observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) due to improvements in imaging and histopathological analysis. However, its significance in management, particularly as a sole risk-factor, remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of multifocality in predicting recurrence following thyroid lobectomy in a contemporary group of PTC patients managed in the UK.

Patients with PTC in NHS Lothian (2009-19) and Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust (2012-19) were identified. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test. Five-year recurrence free survival (RFS) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank.

Of 828 patients; 492 (59%) had unifocal and 336 (41%) multifocal disease on final pathology. A higher rate of pathological nodal disease (22%v36%,p<0.001), total thyroidectomy (TT) (78%v92%,p<0.001) and radioactive iodine (RAI) (57%v75%,p<0.001) was demonstrated in patients with multifocality. With a median follow-up of 50 months, overall 5-year RFS was 96.5%; 96.5% for unifocal versus 96.6% for multifocal disease (p=0.695). Recurrence was not shown to be associated with multifocality on either univariate or multivariate analysis. Amongst patients with T1/2N0M0 disease (n=341), more patients were treated with TT and RAI with multifocal compared to unifocal disease (<0.001). Only two patients within this group recurred during follow up, both of whom had multifocal disease and were treated with TT and RAI (5yRFS100%v98.1%,p=0.051).

Multifocality is a common feature of PTC but does not appear to be an independent predictor of outcome. Therefore, treatment intensification on the basis of multifocality alone seems unwarranted.

Multifocality is a common feature of PTC but does not appear to be an independent predictor of outcome. Therefore, treatment intensification on the basis of multifocality alone seems unwarranted.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Radiotherapy given in the curative setting is associated with a 3% risk of death from Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). Prolonged courses of high-dose steroids also increase the risk of PJP. International guidelines recommend the use of chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for patients at high risk. We assessed the effect of an intervention designed to reduce the impact of PJP.

Prophylaxis guidelines were introduced in 2016. Case records of patients treated with radical radiotherapy were examined for the periods 2014 to 2015 (pre-intervention) and 2017 to 2018 (post-intervention). In total, 247 patients were treated pre-intervention and 334 post-intervention.

Freedom from PJP death at 1 year was 96% before intervention and 99% after (hazard ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.9, P = 0.029). Although the rate of use of chemoprophylaxis according to the guideline rose from 1% to 13% (P = 0.003), the use of high-dose steroids also fell from 35% to 16% (P < 0.00001).

Reducing radiotherapy-associated infections is an important component of radical treatment in lung cancer. Highlighting chemoprophylaxis guidelines reduced the death rate from PJP, with an associated more judicious use of steroids. Advocating prophylaxis in patients with lymphocyte count <0.6×109/l is the next intervention to be studied.

Reducing radiotherapy-associated infections is an important component of radical treatment in lung cancer. Highlighting chemoprophylaxis guidelines reduced the death rate from PJP, with an associated more judicious use of steroids. Advocating prophylaxis in patients with lymphocyte count less then 0.6 × 109/l is the next intervention to be studied.

Radiation therapy is often the last resource treatment for cervical relapse in iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. We present locoregional control data in patients with cervical relapse treated with curative intent radiation therapy with or without concomitant carboplatin.

This monocentric retrospective study gathered data on patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma -vesicular or papillary- in relapse after thyroidectomy who received a curative intent cervical radiation therapy. Locoregional progression free survival (LRPFS), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) were gathered as well as acute and chronic adverse events assessed with the CTCAE v4.

Thirty-nine patients were consecutively included between 2005 and 2019. The median follow-up was 36.6months. Fifteen patients (38%) had a locoregional relapse, locoregional control at 2years was 66.7%. The median LRPFS was 48months [32.9-not reached] and the median overall survival 49months [38.8-not reached]. HO-3867 manufacturer In multivariatapy alone.Safe and effective vaccines will provide essential medical countermeasures to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we assessed the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the intradermal delivery of INO-4800, a synthetic DNA vaccine candidate encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the rhesus macaque model. Single and 2 dose vaccination regimens were evaluated. Vaccination induced both binding and neutralizing antibodies, along with IFN-γ-producing T cells against SARS-CoV-2. Upon administration of a high viral dose (5 × 106 pfu) via the intranasal and intratracheal routes we observed significantly reduced virus load in the lung and throat, in the vaccinated animals compared to controls. 2 doses of INO-4800 was associated with more robust vaccine-induced immune responses and improved viral protection. Importantly, histopathological examination of lung tissue provided no indication of vaccine-enhanced disease following SARS-CoV-2 challenge in INO-4800 immunized animals. This vaccine candidate is currently under clinical evaluation as a 2 dose regimen.In Italy, the COVID-19 vaccination campaign started in December 2020 with the vaccination of healthcare workers (HCW). To analyse the real-life impact that vaccination is having on this population group, we measured the association between week of diagnosis and HCW status using log-binomial regression. By the week 22-28 March, we observed a 74% reduction (PPR 0.26; 95% CI 0.22-0.29) in the proportion of cases reported as HCW and 81% reduction in the proportion of symptomatic cases reported as HCW, compared with the week with the lowest proportion of cases among HCWs prior to the vaccination campaign (31 August-7 September). The reduction, both in relative and absolute terms, of COVID-19 cases in HCWs that started around 30 days after the start of the vaccination campaign suggest that COVID-19 vaccines are being effective in preventing infection in this group.