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Cryptococcus species is still a very common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. However, it is increasingly responsible for disease in otherwise immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients and the heterogeneous group of patients with underlying immunologic diseases, hematologic disorders and organ failure syndromes. Clinical presentation, prognosis, and outcomes are difficult to define given these varied host groups, and tailoring treatments to fit the necessities of each patient is likewise challenging. Our patient was on treatment with steroids and direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for a chronic HCV-related hepatitis, worsened by cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and a low-grade B cells lymphoma. We report a case of systemic cryptococcal infection in an immunosenescent, HIV-negative patient.Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are attractive functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. The ability to easily tune their size and density, potential biocompatibility, and knowledge of the chemical activation of SiNWs surface make them natural tools to interact with biological materials. We evaluated the possibility of exploiting SiNWs as carriers to introduce organic compounds into cells. The cellular toxicity and the internalization capacity of free-standing and label-free SiNWs were tested on Buffalo Green Monkey cells (BGM). Confocal fluorescent observation of SiNWs conjugated with fluorescein-polyethylene imine (PEI) confirmed the internalization of the NWs into the Buffalo Green Monkey Cells (BGM).Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat. Therefore, surveillance studies are important tools to help direct antimicrobial use. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance in Serratia marcescens isolates collected in 2016-2017 at eight medical centers from two regions of Mexico. Selected S. marcescens isolates were further tested by polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of genes encoding the β-lactamases, SHV, TEM or CTX. Antimicrobial resistance continues to be high in Mexico, particularly to ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides. Also, a widespread prevalence of blaTEM was detected in S. marcescens isolates.The long incubation time required for Mycobacteria detection may allow cultures to become overgrown by contaminating organisms. Therefore, samples need to be decontaminated before solid and liquid culture. Coleonol clinical trial MYCO-TB is a ready-to-use digestion and decontamination kit with single-sample formulation developed by Copan. Sample processing time (3 minutes) is shorter than that of other commercial kits. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of MYCO-TB with MycoPrep, both based on N-acetyl-Lcysteine and sodium hydroxide solution, in terms of culture contamination and Mycobacterial detection by culture. We tested 162 respiratory samples the overall proportions of contamination of both liquid and solid media were 1.8% for MYCO-TB and 1.8% for MycoPrep. Mycobacterial growth was detected without significant differences in times to positivity (TTP) in liquid culture 10.5 days for MYCO-TB and 11.1 days for MycoPrep. Samples decontaminated with MYCO-TB were suitable for molecular assays such as Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and GenoType CMdirect. Extending decontamination times (up to 10 minutes) with MYCO-TB of 20 Mycobacteria-positive specimens did not produce any difference in TTP in liquid culture or in Ultra IS1081/IS6110 probe Ct values. In conclusion, the MYCO-TB kit proved to be effective for the rapid digestion and decontamination of respiratory materials for the detection of Mycobacteria, making it possible to reduce the manual skills required and lower the risk of contamination. Longer decontamination time could be used for samples with a high level of contamination, such as those from cystic fibrosis patients.BACKGROUND The glutathione S transferases P1 (GSTP1) is one of the common type of the GSTs family. This gene has several genetic polymorphisms that the rs1695 and rs1138272 are the most common variations in this gene. This study aimed to examine the association of these genetic variations with breast cancer risk which was followed by bioinformatics analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a case-control study, 200 participants including 100 women with breast cancer and 100 healthy women were enrolled. After blood sample collection and DNA extraction, the total genomic DNA was extracted from this sample. The SNPeffects online software was employed to evaluate the effects of rs1695 genetic variation on the GSTP1 protein structure. RESULTS Our data revealed that there is a significant association between rs1695 genetic variation and the risk of breast cancer in homozygote (OR= 3.1532, 95%CI= 1.1072 to 8.9798, p= 0.0315) and allelic (OR= 1.6098, 95%CI= 1.0577 to 2.4500, p= 0.0263) genetic comparisons. This despite the fact that the rs1138272 polymorphism was not associated with breast cancer risk. Our bioinformatics analysis based on WALTZ output showed that the rs1695 polymorphism reduces the amyloid propensity of the GSTP1 enzyme (dWALTZ= -228.00). CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, the rs1695 genetic variation is a genetic risk factor for breast cancer and it could be considered as a biomarker for screening of susceptible women.BACKGROUND Early detection of oral cancer is of critical importance because survival rates markedly improve when oral lesions are identified at an early stage. Aim of the present study is to investigate the expression of ABO (H) antigens in tissue specimens of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders and to determine the role of ABO (H) antigens in tumour staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 60 cases of oral cancer and potentially malignant diseases. Specific red cell adherence test (SRCA-test) was used for studying A, B and O (H) antigens in tissue specimens and iso-antigenicity of epithelium was graded according to degree of adherence of indicator red blood cells. RESULTS Among OSMF group, grade II adherence was seen in 53.3% cases, grade III in 33.3% cases, grade IV in 13.3% cases. In leukoplakia group, grade II adherence was seen in 26.7% cases, grade III adherence in 53.3% cases, grade IV adherence in 20% cases. Within the leukoplakia group, cases with dysplasia showed decreased adherence, compared with cases without dysplasia. Oral cancer group, negative adherence was seen in 13.3% cases, grade I adherence in 46.7% cases, grade II in 40% cases. In oral cancer group, antigen reactivity was less in poorly and moderately differentiated carcinoma, compared to well differentiated carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Antigen adherence and degree of loss of ABO (H) antigens in tissue specimens can be used for staging of the tumour.Sex steroids have been suggested to influence colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. Also, exposure to exogenous hormones might contribute to its incidence. This study conducted to evaluate ER and PR expression as a prognostic factor in patients with CRC attending Sohag University Hospital (SUH) and Sohag Cancer Center (SCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor samples tested for Estrogen receptor (ER) / progesterone receptor (PR) expression using immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Association of this expression with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. link2 RESULTS Thirty out of 50 CRC tissues were evaluable for hormone receptor expression. Expression of both ER and PR was cytoplasmic. ER and PR expressions were 60% and 76.66%, respectively. There was a significant difference between loss of ER expression and depth of invasion (p= 0.01). Also, ER and PR negative expression cases were significantly at higher risk for progression (p= 0.03; 0.009 respectively). High levels of ER and PR expression were associated with higher cumulative PFS at one year and at the end of follow up time (p=0.01; 0..02 respectively); however this did not reach statistical significance on Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for progression or OS (p= 0.05; HR= 0.22; p=0.5; HR=0.67 respectively) for ER level and (p=0.07; HR=0.22; p=0.6; HR=0.72respectively) for PR level. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that lower ER/PR expression levels were associated with more extensive CRC primary tumors and poorer prognosis. These data suggest that ER/PR expression might possess a prognostic value for CRC cases..BACKGROUND This study was conducted to dosimetrically compare plan quality of Simultaneous Integrated Boost - Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SIB-SBRT) generated for different techniques such as Cyberknife (CK), Helical Tomotherapy (HT) and RapidArc (RA) for carcinoma prostate with same treatment margins. MATERIALS AND METHODS SIB-SBRT plans were generated for CK, HT and RA for thirteen CT data sets. The dose prescription was 45Gy in 5 fractions to GTV45 and 37.5Gy in 5 fractions to PTV37.5. link3 The plan quality evaluation of the three techniques was done by comparing the DVH parameters, conformity index (CI) and gradient index (GI). For OAR's mean, maximum dose and dose volumes were compared for bladder, rectum and bilateral femoral heads. The number of Monitor Units (MU) delivered and Beam-on time (BOT) were also compared. RESULTS D2%, D50% and DMean to GTV45 was significantly higher in the CK compared to HT and RA (CK vs HT p values, .INTRODUCTION Extracellular matrix component derangement is the major event in pathogenesis of Oral submucous fibrosis. Many studies have elaborated the alteration of the matrix components at a cellular and genetic level. However elaborate quantification of the components with varying concentrations of Areca nut extract  and commercial tobacco products have not been done so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary culture of tissues sourced during crown lengthening procedures were used for establishment of fibroblast monoculture and fibroblast / keratinocyte co-culture. Extracts of areca nut, commercial smokeless tobacco products (gutkha and haans) and control CCl4 were tested at concentrations  ranging from 20 μL, 40 μL, 80 μL, 160 μL, 320 μL and time intervals of 12, 24, 48, 72 hours. Collagen quantification by spectrophotometry and SNAI1 gene expression study were done. RESULTS Extract of areca nut was found to show increased collagen production than commercial tobacco products and closely similar values to CCL4. Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyse the difference in collagen obtained. The mean values of collagen obtained in co-culture were lesser than those obtained in the fibroblast monoculture. SNAI1 gene expression was negative in both the culture experiments. CONCLUSION Areca nut extract was found to be more potent as an individual agent. Commercial smokeless tobacco products Gutka and Hans exhibited increased collagen production at higher concentration. These findings further steps up the persuasive ill effects of  tobacco products. Negative SNAI1 gene expression was corroborated to  lack of extracellular environment in the co coculture experiment.BACKGROUND HER2 is the target of the therapeutic agents which are used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer. Reports have shown that the HER2 oncogene expression and its association with clinicopathological factors remain unclear in breast cancer (BC) patients.  This study aimed to determine the correlation between HER2 expression and clinicalpathological characteristics of breast cancer in Vietnamese women. METHODS Between June 2016 and August 2018, paraffin-embedded specimens from 237 patients with primary invasive breast carcinoma in Hue University Hospital and Hue Center Hospital, Hue city, Vietnam were examined for pathological features. The gene expression of HER2, ER, PR and Ki-67 were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The gene amplification of Her2 was assessed by using Dual color in situ hybridization (DISH). RESULTS The most frequent histological type was invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) with 77.35%, the highest percentage of patients with Grade II was detected (59.36%), tumor size > 2 cm accounted for 71.