Sandermilne2687

The Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) is the most utilized indicator marker of hepatitis B infection. This study assesses the accuracy of the two most common screening assays used to detect HBsAg among blood donors.

A total of 350 eligible blood donors were screened for HBsAg using both Bio-Check HBsAg Rapid screening kit (BioCheck Inc, South San Francisco, USA) and a fourth-generation Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays (ELISA) kit, MonolisaTM HBs Ag Ultra (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Marnes-la-Coquette-France). Questionnaires were used to inquire about risk factors for HBV infection among blood donors. The calculation of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive and positive predictive values were carried out by comparing the performance of the rapid kit with ELISA test as the reference standard.

The prevalence of HBV infection using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was 5.7% but was 14.6% by ELISA. Using ELISA as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of RDT were 31.4% and 98.7% respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value for RDT were 80.0% and 89.4% respectively. Overall non-compliance with transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) risk-related deferral criteria was 38%.

The low sensitivity of RDT kits precludes its continuous use in high HBV endemic regions where many donors fail to disclose full and truthful information about their risk for TTI. It is suggested that blood banks should complement the use of RDT with a more sensitive assay such as ELISA.

The low sensitivity of RDT kits precludes its continuous use in high HBV endemic regions where many donors fail to disclose full and truthful information about their risk for TTI. It is suggested that blood banks should complement the use of RDT with a more sensitive assay such as ELISA.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries may be accompanied by associated injuries such as meniscal injuries. Clinical evaluation alone may at times miss the diagnosis of ACL injury and one or more associated injuries. However, an adjuvant diagnostic tool such as an MRI of the knee may be unaffordable to some patients. The goal of this study was to compare the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of clinical and magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries.

This was a prospective study. The cases of ACL injury recruited had a magnetic resonance imaging of the injured knee, and knee arthroscopy done. The clinical, magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic diagnostic findings were all noted. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of clinical and MRI findings were compared, with arthroscopic findings as gold standard.

A total of seventy-seven patients were recruited for the study. There comparable in relation to the diagnosis of ACL and Medial Meniscus tears. However, the values of these parameters were better with clinical examination than with MRI in relation to the diagnosis of lateral meniscus tears.

Urinary abnormalities detected on routine urinalysis in asymptomatic children may be indicators of underlying kidney diseases.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic proteinuria and haematuria in healthy primary school children in Abuja.

Using multi-staged sampling method, early morning mid-stream urine was collected from healthy school children from urban and rural primary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja, Nigeria for the presence of proteinuria and haematuria using urinalysis strips. Those positive for proteinuria and haematuria were retested after two weeks for persistence abnormalities. Urine microscopy was also done for the persistent haematuria subjects, and biodata collected.

Of 861 urine samples analysed, 215 (25%) were from urban schools, and 646 (75%) from rural schools. There were 397 (46.1%) males. Their mean age was 9.5±2.1 years (range 6-12 years), with 9-10 years accounting for 36.4% of the study population. Proteinuria, haematuols for early identification of affected children for intervention.

Orofacial clefts are the most common orofacial congenital malformations and dental anomalies are more prevalent in such individuals.

To assess the frequency and distribution of orofacial clefts and associated dental anomalies in a group of patients with orofacial clefts.

A retrospective study involving the assessment of dental records of orofacial cleft patients who had their surgical repair at a health institution between March, 2013 and December, 2019. Their socio demographic characteristics, type of cleft, type of dental anomaly observed, teeth affected and number of teeth affected were reviewed. selleck products The records were analysed using IBM SPSS, version 21 and Chi square test to compare differences between groups while the level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

A total number of 62 records were studied. More than half were males 36(58.1%) with a mean age of 16 (+15.6) years. The most frequent type of cleft was unilateral cleft lip (64.5%), majority had their cleft (65.3%) and dental anomalies (80.7%) on the left side of the face (p=0.001). The most frequently recorded dental anomaly was hypodontia/missing teeth (62.9%) and there was a significant relationship between tooth rotations and cleft lip.

Unilateral left cleft lip was the most prevalent. Hypodontia/missing teeth was the most common dental anomaly among the study group. Tooth rotations were seen more in patients with cleft of the lip (CL). Individuals with orofacial cleft requires holistic health care so as to improve their quality of life.

Unilateral left cleft lip was the most prevalent. Hypodontia/missing teeth was the most common dental anomaly among the study group. Tooth rotations were seen more in patients with cleft of the lip (CL). Individuals with orofacial cleft requires holistic health care so as to improve their quality of life.EDITORIAL.The co-occurrence of a brain arteriovenous malformation, Moyamoya Disease, and intracranial aneurysm is exceedingly rare. We report the third case of this disease constellation, and the first where the aneurysm arises from the Moyamoya collateral vessel. We review the relevant literature and discuss proposed pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.Implantable left ventricular assist devices (durable LVADs) have dramatically improved mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced heart failure. Originally designed as a bridge or candidacy to heart transplantation, the indications extend toward permanent support and palliation. Modern durable continuous flow LVADs are small, commercially available, and allow for different surgical approaches to a wide range of patients with various cardiac pathologies. We will review different surgical implantation techniques of modern continuous flow LVADs, as well as specific aspects of preoperative patient evaluation and planning.This study aims to establish the midterm safety and performance for the direct superior approach to minimally invasive surgery total hip arthroplasty (MIS-THA). We used a unicentric, single-surgeon, retrospective, consecutive case series analysis of the first 40 patients who received primary unilateral direct superior MIS-THA. Special attention was given to functional recovery by measuring Harris Hip Score (HHS) and timed-up-and-go (TUG) with a mean follow up of 2.2 ± 0.4 years. A radiologic evaluation was performed. HHS and TUG improved significantly at three months and one year (p less then 0.001). All components were placed within the Lewinnek safe zone with no change position or signs of loosening at two years. With a minimum of two years of follow up, the direct superior approach appears to be safe without any obvious or consistent postoperative complications-clinically or radiographically-with excellent functional recovery. Additionally, our subgroup analysis supported no late learning curve effect.

The direct superior approach to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a recently developed technique aimed at sparing the iliotibial band, obturator externus tendon, and quadratus femoris muscle while working within the familiar anatomical landscape of the posterior approach. While the direct superior approach has been used for more than a decade, there is a lack of midterm outcomes and safety data. This study elaborates on promising short-term results and aims to investigate the midterm outcomes of the direct superior approach.

We present a unicentric, retrospective case-controlled analysis of a minimum two-year follow up of the direct superior approach in comparison to those of the more conventional and established mini-posterior approach.

The results indicate that patient recovery, as measured by Harris Hip Score and timed-up-and-go at three months and two years, are virtually identical. There was no difference in gait aid utilization or frequency of narcotic use. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in length of stay by over one day associated with the direct superior approach (p=0.003). There was no compromise in acetabular component position or observed lucencies over time.

Overall, the direct superior approach appears to be safe and warrants longer-term study to evaluate its effect on hospital-related cost, same-day discharge, and hip stability.

Overall, the direct superior approach appears to be safe and warrants longer-term study to evaluate its effect on hospital-related cost, same-day discharge, and hip stability.

The role of vitamin D in OA is unclear and previous epidemiological studies have provided inconsistent results. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between genetically determined serum vitamin D levels and hip/knee OA.

Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with vitamin D levels in the Study of Underlying Genetic Determinants of Vitamin D and Highly Related Traits Consortium were selected as instrumental variables. Summary statistics of the SNPs effects on OA were derived from the Iceland and UK Biobank, comprising 23877 knee OA cases, 17151 hip OA cases and >562000 controls. The control samples match the OA cases in age, sex and county of origin.

The MR analyses showed no causal association between genetically determined vitamin D levels and knee OA [odds ratio (OR) 1.03 (95% CI 0.84, 1.26)] or hip OA [OR 1.06 (95% CI 0.83, 1.35)].

Genetic variations associated with low vitamin D serum levels are not associated with increased risk of hip or knee OA in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that vitamin D levels are not causally linked to OA. It is therefore unlikely that vitamin D supplementation protects against hip or knee OA.

Genetic variations associated with low vitamin D serum levels are not associated with increased risk of hip or knee OA in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that vitamin D levels are not causally linked to OA. It is therefore unlikely that vitamin D supplementation protects against hip or knee OA.

Diane Forsythe and other feminist scholars have long shown how system builders' tacit assumptions lead to the systematic erasure of certain users from the design process. In spite of this phenomena being known in the health informatics literature for decades, recent research shows how patient portals and electronic patients health records continue to reproduce health inequalities in Western societies. To better understand this discrepancy between scholarly awareness of such inequities and mainstream design, this study unravels the (conceptual) assumptions and practices of designers and others responsible for portal implementation in the Netherlands and how citizens living in vulnerable circumstances are included in this process.

We conducted semistructured interviews (n = 24) and questionnaires (n = 14) with portal designers, health professionals, and policy advisors.

In daily design practices, equity is seen as an "end-of-the-pipeline" concern. Respondents identify health care professionals rather than patients as their main users.