Sandbergburt2681

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that can cause significant health issues through drinking water. The present study was aimed to evaluate As distribution and the related health risks from drinking groundwater in rural areas of Hashtroud, Iran. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were also applied to better explain relationship pattern between different resources. The samples were taken from 51 locations in 37 villages. Arsenic concentration was determined by a polarograph device, and the corresponding carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated based on US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline. PCA analysis extracted four main components that explained nearly 62% of data variance. Results pointed severe As contamination in the studied area, where As was detected in 78% of the samples ranging from less than 0.001 to 0.250 mg/L. Forty percent of the contaminated places violated guideline value of 10 μg/L suggested by EPA and institute of standards and industrial research of Iran (ISIRI). Based on our findings, 1329 people including 239 children were living in the areas with higher As contamination. Hazard quotient (HQ) in 72%, 59%, and 33% of the samples was higher than one for children, adolescent, and adult age groups, respectively. Excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) in almost 80% of all age groups was significantly higher than EPA recommended guideline (10-4 or 10-6). In summary, from the view point of arsenic HQ and ELCR, water resources in the studied areas were not appropriate for drinking and hygienic purposes; necessary and urgent management strategies to guarantee water supply and health safety for local residents should be considered.The adsorption of benzene vapor, as a volatile organic component, from inert gas (N2) by activated carbon was studied experimentally in the isothermal fixed bed reactor at various operating conditions. ALK tumor The activated carbon used in this study had pistachio shell base with high surface area. To improve the adsorption capacity of VOC vapor, the activated carbon was chemically treated with H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH, and NH3 solutions. The saturated adsorption capacities of benzene on initial activated carbon and treated samples were measured and compared. The results showed that the activated carbon treated with nitric acid had higher adsorption capacity than others samples, 640 mg/g. In addition, a mathematical model for adsorption in a fixed bed reactor was proposed in this study. The model results had good agreement with experimental data. In order to demonstrate the effects of operating conditions on adsorption and breakthrough curve, the experimental tests and simulation runs were carried out at various gas flow rate, temperature, and benzene concentration. The results showed that with increase VOC concentration from 700 to 1000 ppm, the total time of adsorption was decreased from 25 to 21 h and breakthrough point appeared earlier.

Variations in the human genome have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the role of micro-inversions (MIs), generally defined as small (< 100bp) inversions, in human evolution, diversity, and health. Depicting the pattern of MIs among diverse populations is critical for interpreting human evolutionary history and obtaining insight into genetic diseases.

In this paper, we explored the distribution of MIs in genomes from 26 human populations and 7 nonhuman primate genomes and analyzed the phylogenetic structure of the 26 human populations based on the MIs. We further investigated the functions of the MIs located within genes associated with human health. With hg19 as the reference genome, we detected 6968 MIs among the 1937 human samples and 24,476 MIs among the 7 nonhuman primate genomes. The analyses of MIs in human genomes showed that the MIs were rarely located in exonic regions. Nonhuman primates and human populations shared only 82 inverted alleles, and Africans had the most inverted alleles in common with nonhuman primates, which was consistent with the "Out of Africa" hypothesis. The clustering of MIs among the human populations also coincided with human migration history and ancestral lineages.

We propose that MIs are potential evolutionary markers for investigating population dynamics. Our results revealed the diversity of MIs in human populations and showed that they are essential to construct human population relationships and have a potential effect on human health.

We propose that MIs are potential evolutionary markers for investigating population dynamics. Our results revealed the diversity of MIs in human populations and showed that they are essential to construct human population relationships and have a potential effect on human health.

To evaluate the simultaneous antegrade and retrograde endourological approach in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position (GMSVP) for the management of missed stent with complex renal stones.

Over 5years, patients presented to our clinic or referred to our hospital with missed DJ stent and complex renal stones were included prospectively in our study. Inclusion criteria were patients with neglected DJ stents (more than 6months) complicated with complex stone burden, in addition to stents that was Fragmented and required renal access for removal. Stent and stone removal were performed using a simultaneous antegrade and retrograde renal approach in the GMSVP. The success rate and any perioperative complications were recorded.

45 patients were available for evaluation. The average stone size was 3.9 ± 0.8cm. Renal stones, ureteric stones, and bladder stones were present in 39, 24, and 10 patients, respectively .Two patients had fragmented DJs. Semirigid ureteroscopy with PCNL was used in 19 (42.2%) cases, ECIRS in 17 (37.7%) cases, Cystolitholapaxy and PCNL in 10 (22.2%) cases. Mean operative time was 70.8 ± 10.2min, mean hospital stay was 2.3 ± 0.8days. The stone-free rate was 93.3% after one procedure, two patients needed an auxiliary SWL for residual stones, postoperative complications were seen in 24.4% of patients.

Simultaneous antegrade and retrograde renal approach in the GMSVP is safe and effective in the management of missed DJ stents with a complex stone burden.

Simultaneous antegrade and retrograde renal approach in the GMSVP is safe and effective in the management of missed DJ stents with a complex stone burden.