Sanchezmccarthy3064

For effective treatment of diseases such as cancer or fibrosis, it is essential to deliver therapeutic agents such as drugs to the diseased tissue, but these diseased sites are surrounded by a dense network of fibers, cells, and proteins known as the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM forms a barrier between the diseased cells and blood circulation, the main route of administration of most drug delivery nanoparticles. Hence, a stiff ECM impedes drug delivery by limiting the transport of drugs to the diseased tissue. The use of self-propelled particles (SPPs) that can move in a directional manner with the application of physical or chemical forces can help in increasing the drug delivery efficiency. Here, we provide a comprehensive look at the current ECM models in use to mimic the in vivo diseased states, the different types of SPPs that have been experimentally tested in these models, and suggest directions for future research toward clinical translation of SPPs in diverse biomedical settings.The proton battery is a very novel emerging research area with practicability. The proton battery has charging and discharging functions. It not only electrolyzes water the electrolyzed protons can be stored but also released, which are combined with oxygen to generate electricity, and the hydrogen is not required; the hydrogen ions will be released from the battery. According to the latest document, the multiple important physical parameters (e.g., hydrogen, voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and flow) inside the proton battery are unlikely to be obtained accurately and the multiple important physical parameters mutually influence the data; they have critical effects on the performance, life, and health status of the proton battery. At present, the proton battery is measured only from the outside to indirectly diagnose the health status of battery; the actual situation inside the proton battery cannot be obtained instantly and accurately. This study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a low-temperature micro hydrogen sensor, which is used for monitoring the internal condition of the proton battery and judging whether or not there is hydrogen leakage, so as to enhance the safety.This paper presents a hybrid electromechanical transformer that passively transfers electrical power between galvanically isolated ports by coupling electrodynamic and piezoelectric transducers. The use of these two complementary electromechanical transduction methods along with a high-Q mechanical resonance affords very large transformations of voltage, current, or impedance at particular electrical frequencies. selleck chemical A chip-size prototype is designed, simulated, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The 7.6 mm × 7.6 mm × 1.65 mm device achieves an open-circuit voltage gain of 31.4 and 48.7 when operating as a step-up transformer at 729.5 Hz and 1015 Hz resonance frequencies, respectively. When operating as a step-down transformer, the resonance frequencies and the corresponding voltage gains are 728 Hz, 1002 Hz, and 0.0097, 0.0128, respectively. In one operational mode, the system shows a minimum power dissipation of only 0.9 µW corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 11.8%.In this paper, the effect of driving system on working performance of electromagnetic integrated scanning micromirror (ISM) is studied. To further improve the optimization design of the electromagnetic ISM, the detailed theoretical analysis, simulation analysis, and experimental test are carried out, respectively. By changing the force form and external magnetic field of the device, the mechanical scanning angle, driving voltage, and resonant frequency of the electromagnetic ISM will be changed accordingly, and then the change of the working performance of the ISM is explored. Through the optimization analysis and comparative test, the optimal design scheme of driving system is obtained, and the effect of driving system on the working performance of the electromagnetic ISM is verified. The experimental results show that by optimizing the structure of the driving system, the mechanical scanning angle of the electromagnetic ISM is increased by about 20%, and the driving voltage is decreased about 10% observably, and the working performance of the electromagnetic ISM is significantly improved. The research results have important significance and practical application value for the extended application of the electromagnetic ISM in the field of optical detection.We demonstrate how to fully ascribe Raman peaks simulated using ab initio molecular dynamics to specific vibrations in the structure at finite temperatures by means of Wannier functions. Here, we adopt our newly introduced method for the simulation of the Raman spectra in which the total polarizability of the system is expressed as a sum over Wannier polarizabilities. The assignment is then based on the calculation of partial Raman activities arising from self- and/or cross-correlations between different types of Wannier functions in the system. Different types of Wannier functions can be distinguished based on their spatial spread. To demonstrate the predictive power of this approach, we applied it to the case of a cyclohexane molecule in the gas phase and were able to fully assign the simulated Raman peaks.Droplet microfluidics offers a wide range of applications, including high-throughput drug screening and single-cell DNA amplification. However, these platforms are often limited to single-input conditions that prevent them from analyzing multiple input parameters (e.g., combined cellular treatments) in a single experiment. Droplet multiplexing will result in higher overall throughput, lowering cost of fabrication, and cutting down the hands-on time in number of applications such as single-cell analysis. Additionally, while lab-on-a-chip fabrication costs have decreased in recent years, the syringe pumps required for generating droplets of uniform shape and size remain cost-prohibitive for researchers interested in utilizing droplet microfluidics. This work investigates the potential of simultaneously generating droplets from a series of three in-line T-junctions utilizing gravity-driven flow to produce consistent, well-defined droplets. Implementing reservoirs with equal heights produced inconsistent flow rates that increased as a function of the distance between the aqueous inlets and the oil inlet. Optimizing the three reservoir heights identified that taller reservoirs were needed for aqueous inlets closer to the oil inlet. Studying the relationship between the ratio of oil-to-water flow rates (Φ) found that increasing Φ resulted in smaller droplets and an enhanced droplet generation rate. An ANOVA was performed on droplet diameter to confirm no significant difference in droplet size from the three different aqueous inlets. The work described here offers an alternative approach to multiplexed droplet microfluidic devices allowing for the high-throughput interrogation of three sample conditions in a single device. It also has provided an alternative method to induce droplet formation that does not require multiple syringe pumps.Given that the current microrobot cannot achieve fixed-point and quantitative drug application in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, a targeted drug delivery microrobot is proposed, and its principle and characteristics are studied. Through the control of an external magnetic field, it can actively move to the affected area to realize the targeted drug delivery function. The microrobot has a cam structure connected with a radially magnetized permanent magnet, which can realize two movement modes movement and targeted drug delivery. Firstly, the magnetic actuated capsule microrobotic system (MACMS) is analyzed. Secondly, the dynamic model and quantitative drug delivery model of the targeted drug delivery microrobot driven by the spiral jet structure are established, and the motion characteristics of the targeted drug delivery microrobot are simulated and analyzed by the method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Finally, the whole process of the targeted drug delivery task of the microrobot is simulated. The results show that the targeted drug delivery microrobot can realize basic movements such as forward, backward, fixed-point parking and drug delivery through external magnetic field control, which lays the foundation for gastrointestinal diagnosis and treatment.A capacitorless one-transistor dynamic random-access memory device (1T-DRAM) is proposed to resolve the scaling problem in conventional one-transistor one-capacitor random-access memory (1T-1C-DRAM). Most studies on 1T-DRAM focus on device-level operation to replace 1T-1C-DRAM. To utilize 1T-DRAM as a memory device, we must understand its circuit-level operation, in addition to its device-level operation. Therefore, we studied the memory performance depending on device location in an array circuit and the circuit configuration by using the 1T-DRAM structure reported in the literature. The simulation results show various disturbances and their effects on memory performance. These disturbances occurred because the voltages applied to each device during circuit operation are different. We analyzed the voltage that should be applied to each voltage line in the circuit to minimize device disturbance and determine the optimized bias condition and circuit structure to achieve a large sensing margin and realize operation as a memory device. The results indicate that the memory performance improves when the circuit has a source line and the bias conditions of the devices differ depending on the write data at the selected device cell. Therefore, the sensing margin of the 1T-DRAM used herein can expectedly be improved by applying the proposed source line (SL) structure.This paper focuses on the flow and thermal characteristics of the lubricant film in the micro clearance of a hydrodynamic journal bearing (HJB) at high rotating speed. A thermohydrodynamic (THD) method consists of the Reynolds equation coupled with energy and viscosity-temperature equation with considering the cavitation is put forward. The 3D surface diagrams of the lubricant film thickness, pressure, temperature, liquid mass fraction, flow rate and heat dissipation distributions under different geometric, operating, slip and no-slip boundary conditions are systemically exhibited and analyzed. The results show that with the rise of eccentricity or length diameter ratio, the maximum peaks of pressure, temperature and heat dissipation are rapidly increased, the cavitation is aggravated, and the flow rate is accelerated in different extent. As the bearing speed accelerating, the maximum peak of temperature is strongly increased, whereas, the distinction between peaks of flow rate and heat dissipation is magnified and reduced, respectively. It provides a fruitful inside view of the inner flow and thermal characterizations of HJB for further understanding its flow-thermal interaction mechanisms and offers theoretical support for improving its working performance.The normal rake angle is an important geometric parameter of a turning tool, and it directly affects the accuracy of the cutting force prediction. In this study, an accurate model of the working normal rake angle (WNRA) and working inclination angle (WIA) is presented, including variation in the cutting velocity direction. The active cutting edge of the turning tool is discretized into differential elements. Based on the geometric size of the workpiece and the position of the differential elements, the cutting velocity direction of each differential element is calculated, and analytical expressions for the WNRA, WIA, and working side cutting edge angle are obtained for each differential element. The size of the workpiece is found to exert an effect on the WNRA and WIA of the turning tool. The WNRA and WIA are used to predict the cutting force. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental results from a series of turning experiments on GH4169 with different cutting parameters (cutting depth and feed rate) demonstrates that the proposed model is accurate and effective.