Samuelsengundersen3174
o guide clinicians in the care of these patients.
The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been engendering enormous hazards to the world. We obtained the complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from imported cases admitted to the Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, which was appointed by the Guangdong provincial government to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 diversity was analyzed, and the mutation characteristics, time, and regional trend of variant emergence were evaluated.
In total, 177 throat swab samples were obtained from COVID-19 patients (from October 2020 to May 2021). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the viral sequences of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were used to evaluate the mutation characteristics and the time and regional trends of variants.
We observed that the imported cases mainly occurred after January 2021, peaking in May 2021, with the highest proportion observed from cases originating frosted the diversity of lineages and sublineages and the high homology at the amino acid level among imported cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong Province, China.Infectious diseases are an enormous public health burden and a growing threat to human health worldwide. Emerging or classic recurrent pathogens, or pathogens with resistant traits, challenge our ability to diagnose and control infectious diseases. Nanopore sequencing technology has the potential to enhance our ability to diagnose, interrogate, and track infectious diseases due to the unrestricted read length and system portability. This review focuses on the application of nanopore sequencing technology in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases and includes the following (i) a brief introduction to nanopore sequencing technology and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing platforms; (ii) strategies for nanopore-based sequencing technologies; and (iii) applications of nanopore sequencing technology in monitoring emerging pathogenic microorganisms, molecular detection of clinically relevant drug-resistance genes, and characterization of disease-related microbial communities. Finally, we discuss the current challenges, potential opportunities, and future outlook for applying nanopore sequencing technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
To determine whether obesity-associated metabolites are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk among South Asians.
Serum-based nuclear magnetic resonance imaging metabolomics data were generated from two South Asian population-based prospective cohorts from Karachi, Pakistan CARRS1 (N=4017) and CARRS2 (N=4802). Participants in both cohorts were followed up for 5 years and incident T2DM was ascertained. A nested case-control study approach was developed to select participants from CARRS1 (N
=197 and N
=195) and CARRS2 (N
=194 and N
=200), respectively. First, we investigated the association of 224 metabolites with general obesity based on body mass index and with central obesity based on waist-hip ratio, and then the top obesity-associated metabolites were studied in relation to incident T2DM.
In a combined sample of the CARRS1 and CARRS2 cohorts, out of 224 metabolites, 12 were associated with general obesity and, of these, one was associated with incident T2DM. Fifteen out of 224 metabolites were associated with central obesity and, of these, 10 were associated with incident T2DM. The higher level of total cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was associated with reduced T2DM risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53, 0.86; P= 1.2 × 10
), while higher cholesterol esters in large very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles were associated with increased T2DM risk (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.40, 2.58; P = 3.5 × 10
).
Total cholesterol in HDL and cholesterol esters in large VLDL particles may be an important biomarker in the identification of early development of obesity-associated T2DM risk among South Asian adults.
Total cholesterol in HDL and cholesterol esters in large VLDL particles may be an important biomarker in the identification of early development of obesity-associated T2DM risk among South Asian adults.
Glioma is the most common intracranial primary malignancy, but its pathogenesis remains unclear.
We integrated four eligible glioma microarray datasets from the gene expression omnibus database using the robust rank aggregation method to identify a group of significantly differently expressed genes (DEGs) between glioma and normal samples. We used these DEGs to explore key genes closely associated with glioma survival through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We then constructed validations of prognosis and survival analyses for the key genes via multiple databases. We also explored their potential biological functions using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA).
We selected
,
,
, and
, as four genes that were abnormally up-regulated in glioma samples, for verification. They showed high levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mutation and tumor grades, as well as good prognostic and diagnostic value for glioma. Their methylation levels were generally lower in glioma samples. GSEA and GSVA analyses suggested the genes were closely involved with glioma proliferation.
These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of glioma. The hub genes have the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic markers.
These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of glioma. The hub genes have the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic markers.
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) can be used to support children to clarify their needs themselves. However, for pediatric occupational therapists it is not sufficiently clear how to effectively use the COPM with children from 8 years of age.This study aimed to formulate specific instructions for using the COPM with children themselves, based on the experience of children, parents, and occupational therapists. In addition, professional consensus on the instructions was reached.
A multi-stage approach was used to develop the instructions. Triangulation of methods was used to gather knowledge of how the COPM with children themselves is performed in daily practice interviews with 23 children, questionnaires completed by 30 parents, interviews with 13 therapists, and 10 video recordings of COPM administration. Specific instructions were derived from this knowledge and consensus for these instructions was reached by Delphi method.
The data were analyzed and resulted in 40 specific instructions. Consensus of at least 80% amongst 10 occupational therapists, who regularly use the COPM with children, was achieved on each instruction.
There is consensus on 40 specific instructions for administering the COPM with children. Following these instructions might help children to formulate their own goals for intervention.
There is consensus on 40 specific instructions for administering the COPM with children. Following these instructions might help children to formulate their own goals for intervention.
Research examining emotion dysregulation and alcohol use has increased exponentially over the past decade. However, these studies have been limited by their use of cross-sectional designs and narrow definitions of emotion dysregulation. To address these significant gaps in the extant literature, this study utilized state-of-the-art methodology (i.e., experience sampling) and statistics (i.e., dynamic structural equation modeling) to examine potential reciprocal associations between negative and positive emotion dysregulation and alcohol use at the momentary level.
Participants were 145 community women (mean age=40.56, 40.3% white) experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and using substances. Surveys assessing negative and positive emotion dysregulation and alcohol use (i.e., number of standard drinks) were administered three times a day for 30 days using phone-based interactive voice recording.
Significant contemporaneous effects indicated that negative and positive emotion dysregulation both co-ocsing idiographic approaches may identify women experiencing IPV for whom negative and positive emotion dysregulation drive alcohol use and alcohol use drives negative and positive emotion dysregulation.
Sacubitril/valsartan is a neprilysin-inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker used for the treatment of heart failure. Recently, a post-hoc analysis of a 3-year randomized controlled trial showed improved glycaemic control with sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes. We previously reported that sacubitril/valsartan combined with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor increases active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in healthy individuals. We now hypothesized that administration of sacubitril/valsartan with or without a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor would lower postprandial glucose concentrations (primary outcome) in patients with type 2 diabetes via increased active GLP-1.
We performed a crossover trial in 12 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. A mixed meal was ingested following five respective interventions (a) a single dose of sacubitril/valsartan; (b) sitagliptin; (c) sacubitril/valsartan + sitagliptin; (d) control (no treatment); and (e) valsartan alone. Glucose, gut and pancreatic hormone responses were measured.
Postprandial plasma glucose increased by 57% (incremental area under the curve 0-240 min) (p=.0003) and increased peak plasma glucose by 1.7 mM (95% CI 0.6-2.9) (p=.003) after sacubitril/valsartan compared with control, whereas postprandial glucose levels did not change significantly after sacubitril/valsartan + sitagliptin. Glucagon, GLP-1 and C-peptide concentrations increased after sacubitril/valsartan, but insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide did not change.
The glucose-lowering effects of long-term sacubitril/valsartan treatment reported in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes may not depend on changes in entero-pancreatic hormones. Neprilysin inhibition results in hyperglucagonaemia and this may explain the worsen glucose tolerance observed in this study.
gov (NCT03893526).
gov (NCT03893526).
Heart failure (HF) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on hemodialysis. It is not easy to distinguish HF from water overload. The traditional HF definition has low sensitivity and specificity in this population. Moreover, many patients on hemodialysis have exercise limitations unrelated to HF. Therefore, we postulated two new HF definitions ((1) Modified definition of the Acute Dialysis Quality Improvement working group; (2) Hemodynamic definition based on the calculation of the effective cardiac output). We hypothesize that the newer definitions will better identify patients with higher number of endpoints and with more advanced structural heart disease.
Cohort, observational, longitudinal study with recording predefined endpoints. Patients (
= 300) treated by hemodialysis in six collaborating centers will be examined centrally in a tertiary cardiovascular center every 6-12 months lifelong or till kidney transplantation by detailed expert echocardiography with the calculation of cardiac output, arteriovenous dialysis fistula flow volume calculation, bio-impedance, and basic laboratory analysis including NTproBNP.
