Salehharbo6939

Furthermore, BT also observably inhibited tumor growth and promoted lipid peroxidation in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicated that BT could induce ferroptosis and cause lipid peroxidation by accelerating the degradation of GPX4 and raising the intracellular Fe2+, and BT will hopefully serve as a lead compound in developing anti-tumor agents for targeting ferroptosis.Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant that maintains better bioactivity under hypoxia, has anti-tumor effects, but its underlying mechanism is controversial and the effect on Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the anti-TNBC mechanism of resveratrol under a mimic hypoxic tumor microenvironment and explored a method of combining metformin to improve the therapeutic effect. The results showed an inverted "U" shaped relationship between the cell viability and resveratrol concentrations. Low concentrations of resveratrol (LRes) promoted proliferation and migration in MDA-MB-231 cells by activating JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway, while high concentrations of resveratrol (HRes) inhibited cell growth and induced both autophagy and apoptosis through MAPK signaling pathway. Meanwhile, HRes treatment resulted in the up-regulation of antioxidant-related genes SOD3 and FAM213B, the increase of catalase activity and NAD(P)H level, which leading to a reducing microenvironment in cells. Notably, metformin could inhibit the proliferation and migration induced by LRes, whereas promote apoptosis induced by HRes. Moreover, metformin enhanced the reducing environment via further increasing the catalase activity and NAD(P)H level. These findings conclude the anti-TNBC mechanism of HRes should be attributed to its antioxidant activity and metformin enhances its reducibility. Metformin combined with resveratrol exerts a synergistic therapeutic effect on TNBC and effectively prevents tumor progression.Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persistently colonize animal host cells and cause zoonotic brucellosis. Brucellosis affects public health and safety and even affects economic development. Our lab found that a Brucella strain isolated from Marmota himalayana exhibited amikacin resistance. To annotate and analyze the potential resistance genes in this strain, we utilized sequencing platforms in this study and cloned potential resistance genes. The findings showed that the isolated strain belonged to B. abortus biovar 1 and was similar to B. abortus 2308. The isolate had amikacin resistance genes encoding aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase. Based on the results of genome analysis, the isolated strain may have obtained amikacin resistance genes from Salmonella spp. through Tn3 family transposons. Notably, this study establishes a foundation for further research on the resistance mechanism of Brucella spp. and provides data that may be useful for the prevention and control of drug-resistant Brucella strains.The ability of P.aeruginosa to form biofilms renders common treatments inefficient, thereby promoting chronic infection. Inflammasomes activate caspase-1, which is important for the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 and evoke an inflammatory response. We aimed to investigate the activation of inflammasomes induced by P.aeruginosa biofilm. THP-1 cells were mock-infected or infected with PAO1 biofilms. Protein levels of caspase-1 p20, pro-caspase-1, caspase-4 p20, and pro-caspase-4 in THP-1 macrophages were determined by Western blotting. The expression of NLRC4 and NLRP3 was measured by RT-PCR. The production of IL-1β and IL-18 was monitored using ELISA. P. aeruginosa biofilm significantly elevated caspase-1 levels, and decreased NLRC4 levels. Additionally, caspase-4 and NLRP3 levels were significantly increased. P.aeruginosa biofilm significantly enhanced IL-1β and IL-18 production. We concluded that P. aeruginosa biofilm induced the production of IL-1β and IL-18, possibly via NLRP3 inflammasomes, rather than NLRC4 inflammasomes.Individuals with abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) may be more susceptible to lung diseases associated with environmental pollutants. A cross-sectional survey of 629 workers in 2017 and a panel study of 304 workers from 2014 to 2019 were performed in China. The results showed that elevated total hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (ΣOH-PAH) concentration was associated with lower the percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) among high-FPG workers (β for the cross-sectional analysis -1.78%, 95%CI -2.92%, -0.64%; β for the panel study -1.10%, 95%CI -2.19%, -0.02%). The absolute value of the cross-lagged path coefficient from FPG to FVC% (β2 = -0.096) was significantly greater than that from FVC% to FPG (β1 = 0.037). Our results suggest that FPG abnormalities may precede the lung function decline induced by PAH exposure and that high-FPG and high ΣOH-PAH levels have an interactive effect on lung function decline.This study sought to clarify the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) as a regulator of imatinib resistance in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). Expression of hnRNPK was assessed in Ph+ ALL leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, and imatinib susceptibility was assessed via CCK-8 assay. Plinabulin cost In cells in which hnRNPK levels had or had not been modulated, LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ and mTOR/p-ERK/Beclin1 levels were assessed via Western blotting, while electron microscopy was used to evaluate autophagic vacuole formation. Interactions between hnRNPK and Beclin1 were assessed through an RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. Imatinib-resistant Ph+ ALL cell lines and patient bone marrow samples exhibited significant hnRNPK overexpression. Knockdown of hnRNPK increased the imatinib sensitivity of these tumor cells and decreased in vivo tumor burden in a xenograft model system as evidenced by a reduction in tumor volume. Levels of LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Beclin1, but not p-ERK and mTOR, were consistent with the regulatory activity of hnRNPK. Electron microscopy revealed that imatinib-resistant cells harbored significantly more autophagic vacuoles relative to wild-type cells, while hnRNPK knockdown reduced the number of these vacuoles. In an RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, anti-hnRNPK was able to precipitate the Beclin1 mRNA. These results suggest that the hnRNPK/Beclin1 signaling pathway may play a role in shaping imatinib resistance in Ph+ ALL cells.Despite evidence from multiple observation data sets and numerical model simulations that interactions between biotic and abiotic factors control tree carbon (C) storage in the Northern Hemisphere, it remains unclear whether the effect of one factor will be altered by other factors. Here, we used forest inventory data consisting of more than 500,000 trees from 1910 plots to explore the relative importance of these drivers of plant C storage in northeast China. We found that tree C storage was significantly positively associated with mean annual temperature (MAT). After controlling for the role of mean annual precipitation (MAP), directionality in the tree C storage-MAT relationship reversed, indicating that the direction of MAT affecting tree C storage depends on MAP. Accounting for the effects of tree-fungal symbioses on plant resistance to drought and warming, we found that warming increased AM tree C storage even after controlling the role of MAP, but decreased EcM tree C storage after controlling the role of MAP. Our analysis also shows that species richness, especially the relative richness of AM tree species, had a significantly positive relationship with all types of tree C storage. Our findings have implications for improving temperate forest C sink and afforestation strategies the increasing richness of AM trees has the potential to enhance the tree C sink and reduce the sensitivity of warming-induced tree growth benefits to changes in precipitation.Siderophores are small molecular weight iron scavengers that are mainly produced by bacteria, fungi, and plants. Recently, they have attracted increasing attention because of their potential role in environmental bioremediation. Although siderophores are generally considered to exhibit high specificity for iron, they have also been reported to bind to various metal and metalloid ions. This unique ability allows siderophores to solubilise and mobilise heavy metals and metalloids from soil, thereby facilitating their bioremediation. In addition, because of their redox nature, they can mediate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus promote the biodegradation of organic contaminants. The aim of this review is to summarise the existing knowledge on the developed strategies of siderophore-assisted bioremediation of metals, metalloids, and organic contaminants. Additionally, this review also includes the biosynthesis and classification of microbial and plant siderophores.Chromium and humic acid often co-exist in wastewater and source waters, and the removal of chromium through sorption by activated carbon may be greatly influenced by humic acid. In this study, we systematically evaluated concurrent adsorption of humic acid (HA) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in water by powdered activated carbon (PAC) and further, the effect on conversion to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). Adsorption of both HA and Cr(VI) was significantly enhanced in the dual adsorbate system as compared to treatments with HA or Cr(VI) alone. The removal of HA increased by 16.0% in the presence of 80 mg/L Cr(VI), while the removal of Cr(VI) similarly increased with increasing levels of HA. However, the promotion effect of HA was found to decrease with increasing pH. With HA at 20 mg/L, removal of Cr(VI) increased from 40.09% to 70.12% at pH 3, which was about twice the increase at pH 10. The cooperative adsorption mechanism was explored using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Comprehensive analysis of spectra suggested that the mutual promotion between HA and Cr(VI) adsorption was attributable to the formation of Cr(VI)-HA and Cr(III)-HA complexes that were readily adsorbed on the PAC surfaces. The higher HA concentrations increased the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which was likely due to the electron transfer provided by the functional groups such as -CO, -OH and -COOH in both PAC and HA. At pH 3, 99.1% of Cr adsorbed on the PAC surface was in the form of Cr(III). These findings imply that the interactions between Cr(VI) and HA in the process of water treatment by PAC provides additional and synergistic benefits, leading to a greater removal of chromium.Soil environmental capacity (EC) of heavy metals (HMs) can be used as an index to evaluate the pollution status of HMs and to provide basic data for HM remediation. However, the commonly used soil EC for HMs usually are prone to bias due to the lack of local background values (BVs) and the consideration of the contribution from various HM sources. Here, a modified method was proposed to estimate the soil EC by integrating the establishment of local BVs and the quantitative evaluation of contributions from HM sources in an intensive agricultural area of Shouguang city, China. The local BVs of HMs were established using the relative cumulative frequency distribution method. The source-specific EC was quantified based on the local BVs and the contributions of HM sources identified by receptor model and variable importance analysis. Results showed that the average BV values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 7.67, 0.10, 62.84, 21.17, 0.031, 28.38, 19.25, and 59.60 mg kg-1, respectively, in the study area.