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e use of recommended and validated endpoints are warranted before collagen derivatives can be recommended by large scientific societies.

The aim of this work was to develop a digital dynamic cardiac phantom able to mimic gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images.

A software code package was written to construct a cardiac digital phantom based on mathematical ellipsoidal model utilizing powerful numerical and mathematic libraries of python programing language. An ellipsoidal mathematical model was adopted to create the left ventricle geometrical volume including myocardial boundaries, left ventricular cavity, with incorporation of myocardial wall thickening and motion. Realistic myocardial count density from true patient studies was used to simulate statistical intensity variation during myocardial contraction. A combination of different levels of defect extent and severity were precisely modeled taking into consideration defect size variation during cardiac contraction. Wall thickening was also modeled taking into account the effect of partial volume.

It has been successful to build a python-basPECT phantom has been successfully developed. The phantom proved to be reliable to assess cardiac software analysis tools in terms of perfusion and functional parameters. The software code is under further development and refinement so that more functionalities and features can be added.Heterotrichous ciliates play an important role in aquatic ecosystem energy flow processes and many are model organisms for research in cytology, regenerative biology, and toxicology. In the present study, we combine both morphological and molecular data to infer phylogenetic relationships at family-genus level and propose new evolutionary hypotheses for the class Heterotrichea. The main results include (1) 96 new ribosomal DNA sequences from 36 populations, representing eight families and 13 genera, including three poorly annotated genera, Folliculinopsis, Ampullofolliculina and Linostomella; (2) the earliest-branching families are Spirostomidae in single-gene trees and Peritromidae in the concatenated tree, but the family Peritromidae probably represents the basal lineage based on its possession of many "primitive" morphological characters; (3) some findings in molecular trees are not supported by morphological evidence, such as the family Blepharismidae is one of the most recent branches and the relationship between Fabreidae and Folliculinidae is very close; (4) the systematic positions of Condylostomatidae, Climacostomidae, and Gruberiidae remain uncertain based either on morphological or molecular data; and (5) the monophyly of each genus included in the present study is supported by the molecular phylogenetic trees, except for Blepharisma in the SSU rDNA tree and Folliculina in the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 tree.Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disease that involves malfunctions of different cell types in the brain. Accumulating studies started to reveal that microglia, the primary resident immune cells, play an important role in the development and progression of depression. Microglia respond to stress-triggered neuroinflammation, and through the release of proinflammatory cytokines and their metabolic products, microglia may modulate the function of neurons and astrocytes to regulate depression. In this review, we focused on the role of microglia in the etiology of depression. We discussed the dynamic states of microglia; the correlative and causal evidence of microglial abnormalities in depression; possible mechanisms of how microglia sense depression-related stress and modulate depression state; and how antidepressive therapies affect microglia. Understanding the role of microglia in depression may shed light on developing new treatment strategies to fight against this devastating mental illness.The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its associated neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome have led the World Health Organization to declare a global health emergency. Until today, many related studies have successively reported the role of various viral proteins of ZIKV in the process of ZIKV infection and pathogenicity. These studies have provided significant insights for the treatment and prevention of ZIKV infection. Here we review the current research advances in the functional characterization of the interactions between each ZIKV viral protein and its host factors.

TAPUR is a pragmatic, phase II basket study evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancers harboring genomic alterations known to be drug targets. Sunitinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT-3), among other targets. Results from a cohort of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with FLT-3 amplification treated with sunitinib are reported.

This study aimed to investigate whether patients with mCRC with FLT-3 amplification would be responsive to sunitinib, an oral multikinase inhibitor.

Eligible patients received a standard sunitinib dose of 50mg orally for 4weeks followed by 2weeks off. Simon's two-stage design was used with the primary study endpoint of objective response (OR) or stable disease (SD) at 16weeks based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.

Ten patients were enrolled from November 2016 to April 2018. All patients had mCRC with FLT-3 amplification. No ORs were observed. Although two patients had SD at 16weeks, one died because of disease progression shortly thereafter and the cohort was closed. A single grade 3 adverse event of diarrhea was reported as possibly related to sunitinib.

Monotherapy with sunitinib does not have clinical activity in patients with mCRC with FLT-3 amplification and should not be prescribed for off-label use. Selleck GDC-0068 Other treatments should be considered for these patients, including treatments offered in clinical trials.

NCT02693535 (26 February 2016).

NCT02693535 (26 February 2016).