Salasandersson9913

To build and validate an MRI-based radiomics nomogram to predict the therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (RMAC).

Totally, 92 individuals with pathologically confirmed RMAC administered surgical resection upon nCRT in two different centers were assessed retrospectively (training set, n = 52, validation set, n = 40). Rectal MRI was performed pre-nCRT. Radiomics parameters were obtained from high-resolution T2-weighted images and selected to construct a radiomics signature. Then, radiomics nomogram construction integrated patient variables and the radiomics signature. The resulting radiomics nomogram was utilized to assess the tumor regression grade (TRG). Diagnostic performance was determined by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Six optimal features related to TRG were obtained to construct a radiomics signature. The nomogram combining the radiomics signature with age and mucin deposit outperformed the radiomics signature alone in the training (AUC, 0.950

0.843,

< 0.05) and validation (AUC, 0.868

0.719,

< 0.05) cohorts. DCA demonstrated a clinical utility for the radiomics nomogram model.

The established quantitative MRI-based radiomics nomogram is effective in predicting treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with RMAC.

The established quantitative MRI-based radiomics nomogram is effective in predicting treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with RMAC.

To assess T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI) and reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted Imaging (rDWI) derived parameters and their relationships with histopathological factors in patients with rectal cancer.

Fifty-four patients with pathologically-proven rectal cancer underwent preoperative T2*-weighted imaging and rDWI in this retrospective study. R2* values from T2*-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from rDWI were compared in terms of different histopathological prognostic factors using student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. The correlations of R2* and ADC with prognostic factors were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. The diagnostic performances of R2* and ADC were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) separately and jointly.

Significant positive correlation was found between R2* values and T stage, lymph node involvement, histological grades, CEA level, the presence of EMVI and tumor deposit (r = 0.374 ~ 0.673, p = 0.000-0.006), with the exception of CA19-9 level, CRM status and tumor involvement in the circumference lumen (TIL). Meanwhile, ADC values negatively correlated with almost all the prognostic factors (r = -0.588 to -0.299, p = 0.000-0.030), except CA19-9 level. Telaglenastat cost The AUC range was 0.724-0.907 for R2* and 0.674-0.887 for ADC in discrimination of different prognostic factors. While showing the highest AUC of 0.913 (0.803-1.000) in differentiation of T stage, combination of R2* and ADC with reference to different prognostic factors did not significantly improve the diagnostic performance in comparison with individual R2*/ADC parameter.

R2* and ADC were associated with important histopathological prognostic factors of rectal cancer. R2* might act as additional quantitative imaging marker for tumor characterization of rectal cancer.

R2* and ADC were associated with important histopathological prognostic factors of rectal cancer. R2* might act as additional quantitative imaging marker for tumor characterization of rectal cancer.Advanced stage glioma is the most aggressive form of malignant brain tumors with a short survival time. Real-time pathology assisted, or image guided surgical procedures that eliminate tumors promise to improve the clinical outcome and prolong the lives of patients. Our work is focused on the development of a rapid and sensitive assay for intraoperative diagnostics of glioma and identification of optical markers essential for differentiation between tumors and healthy brain tissues. We utilized fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of endogenous fluorophores related to metabolism of the glioma from freshly excised brains tissues. Macroscopic time-resolved fluorescence images of three intracranial animal glioma models and surgical samples of patients' glioblastoma together with the white matter have been collected. Several established and new algorithms were applied to identify the imaging markers of the tumors. We found that fluorescence lifetime parameters characteristic of the glioma provided background for differentiation between the tumors and intact brain tissues. All three rat tumor models demonstrated substantial differences between the malignant and normal tissue. Similarly, tumors from patients demonstrated statistically significant differences from the peritumoral white matter without infiltration. While the data and the analysis presented in this paper are preliminary and further investigation with a larger number of samples is required, the proposed approach based on the macroscopic FLIM has a high potential for diagnostics of glioma and evaluation of the surgical margins of gliomas.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is crucial for cell cycle progression and gene expression transcriptional regulation, which are often not assessed in cancer developing process. CDK7 inhibitors have emerged as promising drugs for treating diverse cancers, including breast cancer. However, the mechanism behind its anticancer effect has not been well investigated. Here, the possible mechanism of CDK7 inhibitors for treating human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been studied.

The effects of CDK7 inhibitors on breast cancer cells have been identified by measuring cell viability (Cell Counting Kit-8) and cell proliferation and calculating colony formation. The short hairpin RNA and short interfering RNA were used for the construction of knockdown cells. To assess the expression of associated proteins, western blot was used.

This study confirmed that, compared to hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells, TNBC cells were more sensitive to THZ1, a novel CDK7 inhibitor. THZ1 treatment specifically downregulated mutated p53 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in TNBC cells with p53 mutation.