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6% was not statistically significant (P = 0.42). There were no differences in SSI rates between the elective and non-elective subgroups.

Adding azithromycin to the standard antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery showed no statistically significant reduction in SSI rates in a population with low baseline rates of SSI.

Adding azithromycin to the standard antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery showed no statistically significant reduction in SSI rates in a population with low baseline rates of SSI.

Our study assessed the rate of new and recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in the third trimester at an adolescent obstetrics clinic.

Between October 2016 and June 2020, routine third-trimester screening for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae was implemented according to new Canadian recommendations. Urine nucleic acid amplification was performed. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively, and demographic data; pregnancy and delivery characteristics; and information on screening at presentation to care, third-trimester screening (33-38 weeks), and other STI testing was recorded.

A total of 115 adolescents (mean age 17.90 ± 1.43 y) with 125 pregnancies presented for care. Twenty-three pregnancies were excluded (12 transferred out and 11 experienced a pregnancy loss). At presentation, screening was performed in 100 of 102 pregnancies 64 of 100 at <13 weeks, 32 of 100 at 13-27 weeks, and 4 of 100 at 28-30 weeks. Nine tested positive for C. trachomatis and none tested ther their yield warrants universal implementation.Flavonoids are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea and red wine. Citrus flavonoids constitute an important type of flavonoids. Naringin and naringenin belong to flavonoids with known antioxidant and were found to display antioxidant activities. Malathion is an organophosphorus pesticide that has been broadly used throughout the world to control weeds and pests. It has also been used in public health for mosquito control and fruit fly eradication programs. Malathion, naringin, and naringenin were added to be in 40, 80, and 160 mg doses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures mainly used to determine the antioxidant capacity, it is known that they have shown similar results to man. At the end of the experiment, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), vitamin K, vitamin E, vitamin D, ergosterol, stigmasterol, β-Sitosterol, and fatty acids were analyzed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and GC (gas chromatography) devices in the tested S. cerevisiae samples. The contents of the yeast cell of octanoic acid (C80), lauric acid (C120), myristic acid (C140), palmitic acid (C160), palmitoleic acid (C161n-7), heptadecanoic acid (C170), stearic acid (C180), oleic acid (C181n-9), and linoleic acid (C182n-6) were identified. There were statistically significant changes in total protein, MDA, GSH, GSSG, vitamin K, vitamin E, vitamin D, phytosterol and fatty acid levels. It was determined that naringin and naringenin showed statistically significant decreases against malathion toxicity on these parameters. From this study it is found that, the mitigating effect of naringin against DPPH stable free radical was higher than that of naringenin. Citrus flavonoid, naringin showed promising antioxidant activity which can be used as effective protecting agents against oxidative stress.Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) as one of the most commonly used phthalates, has been found in various environmental samples and is considered to have potential risks to ecosystem. Till now, DINP has no clear effect consensus on insects from development to behavior and even mechanisms. CDK assay Here, Drosophila melanogaster was selected as model organisms and the toxic effects of DINP (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0%) (v/v) on its metamorphosis, crawling behavior, intestinal cells and cellular redox balance were investigated. During metamorphosis process, lower hatching rate, longer development time, lighter body weight and malformation were observed at high concentration groups. The crawling ability of larvae was severely inhibited by DINP and the movement distance was drastically reduced. DINP could cause severe damage to the larval intestinal cells in the dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. DINP was found to induce redox imbalance with activities of two important antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) increasing, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level fluctuation in larvae. Our findings provide theoretical basis and data support for scientific management of DINP to reduce ecological risk.In order to establish the role of diet on the induction and catalytic properties of glutathione transferase (GST) in insects, variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) was exposed to different food plants separately for 30 days and the properties of the induced enzyme were then investigated. Insects fed on cassava (M. esculenta) leaves had the highest GST induction followed by insects fed on bitter leaf (V. amygdalina). Z. variegatus that fed in the wild on different food plants had the least suggesting that allelochemicals in the food plants have a compensatory toxicity-alleviating actions on one another. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was the best substrate for all the induced GST however, the mode of binding of the substrate to the induced enzyme was not the same. GST from M. esculenta-fed insect showed ping-pong kinetic mechanism whereas GSTs from V. amygdalina and T. procumbens-fed insects showed random sequential mode of substrate binding. Catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of GST from M. esculenta-fed insects was 3-8-fold higher than other induced enzymes. Commercial insecticides- cypermethrin and lindane had an inhibition constant, Ki, of 0.13±0.004 mM and 0.68±0.09 mM, respectively, suggesting that the concentration as used in the field (0.03 mM for cypermethrin and 0.3 mM for lindane) would have little effect on the insect's GST. The study concluded that higher GST activity are induced in insects that fed on monotonous diets than those that fed on various food plants. Hindgut appears to be the primary organ of detoxication. The catalytic properties of the induced enzymes are different from one another.