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Roasting treatment starch showed higher pasting temperature and lower paste viscosity, and the increasing To, Tp, and the decreasing enthalpy.Tragacanth gum is a polysaccharide-based complex with a good coating property. However, its use in postharvest storage of fresh fruits and vegetables is very limited. In the current work, the effect of tragacanth gum (1%) was investigated on postharvest quality of apricot fruits during storage at 20 ± 1 °C for 8 days. Apricot fruits coated with tragacanth gum coating showed significantly reduced weight loss, decay and electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde production. Tragacanth gum coating suppressed increase in total soluble solids and showed higher titratable acidity compared with control. The coated fruits had higher total phenolics and ascorbic acid along with greater 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in contrast with control. Postharvest application of tragacanth gum coating maintained markedly higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes activities as compared with control. In addition, tragacanth gum application suppressed polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME), and cellulase (CX) enzymes activities, thereby suppressed softening of apricot fruits. Sensory quality attributes such as taste, juiciness, aroma, appearance, and overall acceptability were also significantly higher in tragacanth gum coated fruits compared with control. In conclusion, tragacanth gum coating could be considered suitable for postharvest quality conservation of apricot fruits.A 48 kDa Zingiber montanum cysteine protease glycoprotein (ZCPG) purified previously was studied for anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The lipoxygenase inhibition by ZCPG was linear, with an IC50 value of 2.25 μM. MTT, LDH, and cell cycle analysis in THP-1 derived macrophages corroborate no significant cytotoxicity at a lower concentration. ZCPG inhibited the production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. In contrast, an increase in the production of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was observed. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction study further confirmed that ZCPG inhibited the expression of IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF-α by suppressing their mRNA transcription and expression in LPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, the nature of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by ZCPG is dose-dependent, competitive, and reversible. The AChE inhibitory activity was stable in a broad range of temperatures and pH. In vitro data were further validated by molecular interaction studies with a detailed inspection of the ZCPG probable binding modes in the active sites of AChE that provides the lead to deliver the structural determinants necessary for the activity towards AChE.Nanofluorescent material is developing rapidly as a new type of material. Nanofluorescent probes have broad application prospects in biological analysis, drug metabolism, and semiconductor optical materials. Chitosan is non-toxic and rich in nature which has good biocompatibility, and it can be combined with fluorescent probes. Therefore, the preparation and application of Nanofluorescent probes using chitosan as a carrier is summarized in this article. Fluorescent probes can be combined with other different materials through different reaction mechanisms, and the prepared composite materials can be widely used in biomaterials, sewage treatment, medicine and other fields.Recently, nanoparticles have been widely used in drug and vaccine adjuvant delivery. Dendrobium devonianum Polygonatum (DP), a main biologically active ingredient isolated from Dendrobium devonianum, has been widely used in the clinic as an immunostimulant to stimulate and improve immune responses, contributing to its excellent biological activity. To increase the immune efficacy of DP, macrophage cell membrane-coated drug nanocrystals featuring homologous immune escape, targeting ability and low toxicity are in high demand. In this study, a new drug and vaccine adjuvant delivery system, PEI-MM-PLGA-DP/OVA, was designed and developed. This study aimed to report the macrophage immunomodulatory activity of PEI-modified macrophage cell membrane-coated PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating Dendrobium devonianum polysaccharides. PEI-MM-PLGA-DP/OVA could promote antigen uptake by macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation, increase the expression levels of MHC II, CD80 and CD86, and upregulate the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells in immunized mice. PEI-MM-PLGA-DP/OVA induced the highest TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-6 cytokine secretion levels and the levels of OVA-specific antibodies (IgG) compared with the other groups. The above results indicated that PEI-MM-PLGA-DP/OVA had better adjuvant activity than PLGA-DP/OVA and MM-PLGA-DP/OVA.The biological behaviour of Schwann cells (SCs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) on fibrillar, highly aligned and electroconductive substrates obtained by two different techniques is studied. Mats formed by nanometer-sized fibres of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are obtained by the electrospinning technique, while bundles formed by micrometer-sized extruded PLA fibres are obtained by grouping microfibres together. selleck inhibitor Both types of substrates are coated with the electrically conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and their morphological, physical and electrical characterization is carried out. SCs on micrometer-sized substrates show a higher motility and cell-cell interaction, while a higher cell-material interaction with a lower cell motility is observed for nanometer-sized substrates. This higher motility and cell-cell interaction of SCs on the micrometer-sized substrates entails a higher axonal growth from DRG, since the migration of SCs from the DRG body is accelerated and, therefore, the SCs tapestry needed for the axonal growth is formed earlier on the substrate. A higher length and area of the axons is observed for these micrometer-sized substrates, as well as a higher level of axonal sprouting when compared with the nanometer-sized ones. These substrates offer the possibility of being electrically stimulated in different tissue engineering applications of the nervous system.