Rowetoft7642

Cardiac wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) evolves from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory to reparative responses, and the cardiac fibroblast is a central player during the entire transition. The fibroblast mirrors changes seen in the left ventricle infarct by undergoing a continuum of polarization phenotypes that follow pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-scar producing profiles. The development of each phenotype transition is contingent upon the MI environment into which the fibroblast enters. In this mini-review, we summarize our current knowledge regarding cardiac fibroblast activation during MI and highlight key areas where gaps remain.Purpose To evaluate whether pentosan polysulfate maculopathy manifests distinctive characteristics that permit differentiation from hereditary maculopathies with multimodal fundus imaging. Design Retrospective Review SUBJECTS Emory Eye Center databases were queried for the following International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes between May 20, 2014 through October 22, 2019 362.70 (unspecified hereditary retinal dystrophy), 362.74 + H35.52 (pigmentary retinal dystrophy), 362.76 +H35.54 (dystrophies primarily involving the retinal pigment epithelium), and H35.50 (unspecified macular degeneration). Methods Fundus images for each patient were evaluated, including color fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence images, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images. Cases with imaging sufficient for diagnostic classification were analyzed. Masked graders classified patient images accordingly A - Highly suggestive of PPS maculopathy, B-Some features resembling PPS maculopathy but not classic, C-Clearly distinct from PPS maculopathy. Main outcome measures Sensitivity and specificity for identification of PPS maculopathy by masked reviewers. Results A total of 1394 subjects were evaluated, and 1131 had sufficient imaging for classification. Fifteen patients were categorized as having findings highly suggestive of PPS maculopathy (Category A), 25 patients had some features resembling PPS maculopathy but not classic (Category B), and 1091 were clearly distinct from PPS maculopathy (Category C). All 10 patients with PPS maculopathy in this dataset were correctly placed in Category A. There were 5 patients without PPS maculopathy that were incorrectly placed in Category A. This represented a 100% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity for identification of PPS maculopathy by masked review of fundus imaging in this dataset. Selleckchem Isradipine Conclusions The imaging characteristics of PPS maculopathy allow for differentiation from hereditary maculopathies even in the absence of known exposure to the drug.Objective Retinal vascular caliber has been linked to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Newer imaging technologies allow analysis of retinal vascular caliber beyond the standard areas surrounding the optic disc. We investigated the vascular caliber in extended zones in prediction of DR in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Design Prospective, longitudinal study SUBJECTS Adolescents (n=904) who attended the diabetes complications assessment service at The Children's Hospital at Westmead METHODS Retinal caliber was assessed from baseline retinal photographs with a semi-automated computer software Singapore I Vessel Assessment (SIVA) "Standard zone" retinal vessel calibers were summarized as Central Retinal Arteriolar (CRAE) and venular equivalents (CRVE); "extended zone" vessels (>two disc diameters from the optic disc margin) as mean width of arterioles (MWa) and venules (MWv). . Main outcome measures Retinal vessel calibers at baseline (upper three quartiles vs lowest quartiles, Q2-4 versus Q1) and moderate DR (stage 3 or above) were analyzed using multivariable generalized estimating equations, with results expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. Results Among the 904 participants, baseline mean (±SD) age was 14.0±1.5 years, HbA1C 8.5±1.3 % and median diabetes duration 4.6 years. After median 3-years follow-up, 15% adolescents developed moderate DR. Wider extended zone retinal arteriolar caliber (MWa; OR 3.6 (95% CI 2.06-6.1, comparing Q2-4 vs. Q1) and venular caliber (MWv OR 4.2 (2.2-7.5) predicted moderate DR, after adjusting for HbA1C and blood pressure. Standard zone CRAE and CRVE were not associated with moderate DR. Conclusions Extended zone retinal vessel caliber predict moderate DR in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Objective To evaluate the construct validity (hypotheses testing) of the Chilean-Spanish version of the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) using continuous actigraphy from intensive care unit (ICU) admission to ICU discharge. Design The Chilean-Spanish version of the FSS-ICU was used in a prospective observational study to mainly evaluate its correlation with actigraphy variables (GT9X Link-ActiGraph). The FSS-ICU was assessed on awakening and at ICU discharge, while actigraphy variables were recorded from ICU admission to ICU discharge. Setting A 12-bed academic medical-surgical ICU. Participants Thirty mechanically-ventilated patients of 92 patients screened. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measure Construct validity of the FSS-ICU Chilean-Spanish version was assessed by testing 12 hypotheses, including the correlation with activity counts, activity time (>99 counts per minute), inactivity time (0-99 counts per minute), muscle strength, ICU length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Results The median FSS-ICU was 19 (IQR 10-26) points on awakening and 28.5 (IQR 22-32) at ICU discharge. There was no floor/ceiling effect of the FSS-ICU at awakening (0%/0%) and only a ceiling effect at ICU discharge that was acceptable (0%/10%). Less activity time was associated with better mobility on the FSS-ICU at both awakening (rho = -0.62, P less then 0.001) and ICU discharge (rho = -0.79, P less then 0.001). Activity counts and activity time were not correlated as expected with the FSS-ICU. Conclusions The Chilean-Spanish FSS-ICU had a strong correlation with inactivity time during the ICU stay. These findings enhance the available clinimetric properties of the FSS-ICU.