Rosshildebrandt0034

The pH and water activity (aw) values of chicken meat with 10% of bacteriocin showed lower values at 7 and 26°C. The application of bacteriocin to chicken meat was able to inhibit the microbial growth that was still below standard for 3 days at 7°C and 6 hrs at 26°C.

Based on research, lactic acid bacteria isolated from buffalo milk curd produced bacteriocin compound which has antimicrobial properties. This bacteriocin showed potential as a natural preservative for chicken meat by inhibiting the growth of pathogen microorganisms.

Based on research, lactic acid bacteria isolated from buffalo milk curd produced bacteriocin compound which has antimicrobial properties. This bacteriocin showed potential as a natural preservative for chicken meat by inhibiting the growth of pathogen microorganisms.

Biofloc application has been introduced in aquaculture in order to reduce the nutrients level and sustain good water quality. Due to its importance, a study was conducted to identify the effect of biofloc application on shrimp growth performance, specific growth rate and survival rate in a closed hatchery system.

Molasses as carbon sources were applied in ratio 101 for biofloc formulation and no addition of molasses in non-biofloc (clear water) treatment. One way ANOVA was applied to analyze the differences between biofloc treatments and clear water.

The survival rate of the shrimp was ranged between 23.69 and 98.77% for biofloc treatment, whereas 98.15-99.23% for non-biofloc treatment. The lowest survival rate (23.69%) was due to vibriosis infection in one of the biofloc treatment tanks. Growth performance was identified expedite in biofloc especially in (dark green) colour biofloc as compared to non-biofloc. The Specific Growth Rate (SGR) for Body Weight (BW) was identified expedite around (3.25-4.06) g day-1 for biofloc treatment compared to non-biofloc around (2.74-3.93) g day-1. The SGR for (TL) also identified expedite around (2.12-2.45) cm day-1 for biofloc, compared to non-biofloc (clear water) around (1.71-2.13) cm day-1.

It can be concluded that the biofloc application successfully improved the shrimp performance and at the same time become the additional natural diet to the shrimp respectively. However, further study needs to be conducted to improve the survival rate and prevent vibriosis infection by using the biofloc system in the future.

It can be concluded that the biofloc application successfully improved the shrimp performance and at the same time become the additional natural diet to the shrimp respectively. However, further study needs to be conducted to improve the survival rate and prevent vibriosis infection by using the biofloc system in the future.

Raising growing rabbits is an ideal solution to confront animal protein deficiency, especially in developing countries. The presence of lignin in wheat straw causes limitation of the digestion overall process. The biological delignification is a practical and promising alternative due to improving the digestibility of wheat straw. This study aimed to enhance wheat straw digestibility and enriching it with protein and use it as a growing rabbit feedstuff.

Enzymes production of white-rot fungi was assayed in myco-straw and the mean value was recorded. Wheat straw has been treated with the three most effective fungal species with Biological Treated Wheat Straw (BTWS). After that, the myco-straw was grounded and included in diet to evaluate the growth performance, digestibility and blood parameters of a growing V-line rabbit.

The best three species for enzyme productions were P. sajor-caju, P. columbinus and P. floridanus. The optimum incubation period was 16 days. The fungal treatments showed significant enzymes activity of laccase, Mn-peroxidase, cellulase and xylanase. Body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of growing V-line rabbits had improved than those of the control. But, nutrients digestibility of the diet containing BTWS and Carcass traits of growing V-line rabbits were non-significant compared with the control one. In comparison with control, the lipid profile had no differences but the total protein was improved.

White-rot fungal conversion of wheat straw is maybe one potential alternative providing a more practical, environmental-friendly and nutritionally enhancing as rabbits feedstuff. Rabbits fed BTWS-diets had significantly improved growth performance.

White-rot fungal conversion of wheat straw is maybe one potential alternative providing a more practical, environmental-friendly and nutritionally enhancing as rabbits feedstuff. Rabbits fed BTWS-diets had significantly improved growth performance.

Molecular genetic methods show conclusive turn in phylogeny investigations and therefore, understanding the allocation and extension of genetic diversity inside and among species. The current study aims to evaluate genetic diversity using molecular markers (5 SSR and 5 ISSR) on 13 sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) genotypes from different regions.

The data acquired with the highest degree of polymorphism were confirmed. Polymorphic bands (24 and 55) were demonstrated totally through SSR and ISSR, respectively. Nevertheless, ISSR was superior in exhibiting polymorphism rate (97.37%) compared to SSR markers (90.83%). A range from 2-21 of amplified fragments, with molecular weights varying from 34-1331 bp, was noticeable. The genetic similarity coefficient was employed to set UPGMA dendrogram.

Dissimilarity was found in genotypes clustering within groups, whilst the manner of clustering in genotypes kept adjacent in ISSR and aggregated results of SSR and ISSR. Dice similarity ranged from 0.058-0.792, 0.168-0.770 and 0.154-0.847 with SSR, ISSR and the combined phylogeny dendrogram, respectively. The genetic variance of sunflower accessions of wild and cultivated cultivars from different geographic regions was established.

Knowledge of these results could be applied to confirm a wide genetic basis for outlook sunflower and manage germplasm breeding programs.

Knowledge of these results could be applied to confirm a wide genetic basis for outlook sunflower and manage germplasm breeding programs.

Since the Dengue virus spreads rapidly and the vector becomes resistant to insecticides and larvicides, exploration of new compounds that overcome resistance problems, are easily degraded and do not lead to bioaccumulation, is needed. This study evaluated four extract types of Derris elliptica represented the polar, semi-polar and nonpolar extract against the 3rd-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and determined the effective concentration among the extracts.

The crude extract was obtained from the maceration of root powder of the plant with methanol and subsequently evaporated. The crude extract was diluted in distilled water and partitioned sequentially with ethyl-acetate, n-hexane and water to obtain their fractions. All the fractions were evaporated to obtain their extract types. Initial bioassay test of the extracts with concentration ranges of 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 mg L-1 against Ae. aegypti larvae and resulted in 86-100% larval mortality rates at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L-1, except for water extract. The lower concentration range of 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of three extract types were tested.

Larval mortality rates of 18.4-100, 1.6-99.2 and 0.8-98.4% with LC50 of 4.088, 14.066 and 21.063 mg L-1, respectively for n-hexane, methanol and ethyl-acetate. FTIR analysis indicated nine lead compounds in which rotenone and ceramides were observed in all extract types.

The n-hexane extract showed the highest larvicidal toxicity and its specific compounds are necessarily isolated to obtain pure bioactive ingredients.

The n-hexane extract showed the highest larvicidal toxicity and its specific compounds are necessarily isolated to obtain pure bioactive ingredients.

Ocimum gratissimum (OG) has been used in ethnopharmacology for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Ocimum gratissimum leaf-extract on hematological indices and lipid profile of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Twenty-four rats weighing 100-160 g were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, the normal and diabetic controls, received a placebo treatment, while groups three and four were administered glibenclamide and OG leaf-extract (400 mg kg-1 b.wt.), respectively. The extracts were administered twice daily for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed and whole blood was collected for hematological and serum lipid profile assays. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.

Diabetes induction resulted in decreases (p<0.05) in Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC) and increases in Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin and Blood platelets compared to the normal control. Treatment with O. gratissimum extract reversed RBC (7.74±0.39 μL), WBC (16.57±3.02) and Platelet (804.33±194.02) levels, but not Hb, towards normal levels (7.99±0.04, 11.27±0.69, 839.67±10.17 respectively). Diabetes induction also resulted in increases (p<0.05) in Triglyceride (TG) and Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), decreases (p<0.05) in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) compared to normal control with no significant change in Total Cholesterol (TC). After administration with Ocimum gratissimum TC, LDL and VLDL and HDL levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced relative to the diabetic control. TG was however increased relative to the diabetic control.

Overall, data suggests the plant holds great potential in amelioration of diabetes-induced dyslipidemia and hematological disorders.

Overall, data suggests the plant holds great potential in amelioration of diabetes-induced dyslipidemia and hematological disorders.

Bacterial fish diseases constitute a major problem in aquaculture, it was found in the environment and under stressors cause severe economic losses to fish. This work aimed to investigate the bacterial causes and suitable treatments of mass mortality in some cultured marine fish farms in Damietta governorate.

The study was performed on 5 farms suffered from mass mortality. Total of 100 diseased fish (10 sea bass and 10 sea bream/farm) and 20 water samples were randomly collected from these farms. Bacteriological examinations were carried out followed by in vitro sensitivity tests. Treatment trial was performed using the most effective antibacterial agent on isolated bacteria.

From fish and water samples Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were isolated with the rat of (16, 10%), (22, 10%) and (28, 10%) respectively. These results were confirmed biochemically. Some virulence genes of isolated bacteria were detected using PCR; meanwhile, enrofloxacin reduced significantly the mortality rates in examined farms.

It could be concluded that, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. are the main bacterial species causing mass mortality in marine fish farms. These bacteria were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin in vitro and in vivo.

It could be concluded that, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. are the main bacterial species causing mass mortality in marine fish farms. These bacteria were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin in vitro and in vivo.