Rosenthallucas3631
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is proven to protect against pelvic-floor weakness in the form of urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines advise supervised PFMT as first-line treatment of stress or mixed UI and POP. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in educating patients. Our aim is to study the extent of awareness of PFMT amongst healthcare professionals by a single-centre cross-sectional study of voluntarily participating 44 healthcare professionals. The term 'pelvic floor exercise' had varied explanations; 53% staff thought they knew how to undertake pelvic-floor assessment, although there was no standard method or terminology to describe the technique or outcome. Staff were unaware of PERFECTR method, Modified Oxford Grading, slow and fast contractions which form the basic criteria of standardised pelvic floor assessment and training. Only 43% staff were aware of online resources.Impact StatementWhat is a support. We recommend including information of PFMT and assessment methods in local and national guidelines to help increase awareness of staff and patients alike and help achieve better global pelvic health.Aim Ambient exposure of PM2.5 from diesel exhaust (termed as diesel particulate matter [DPM]) can induce cardiotoxicity that can be manifested into myocardial ischemia/infarction, where the survival depends on mitochondrial function. The mechanism for DPM-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is yet to be elucidated and the consequential impact of impaired mitochondria on the severity of myocardial infarction (MI) has not been established.Materials and methods Female Wistar rats were exposed to DPM (0.5 mg/ml) for 3 h daily (to achieve a PM2.5 concentration of 250 µg/m3) for 21 d trailed by an induction of MI using isoproterenol (ISO).Conclusion DPM exposure altered the basal ECG pattern and increased heart weight (HW) to body weight (BW) ratio from control. Loss of mitochondrial quality in the cardiac tissue was observed in DPM exposed animals, measured via declined ETC enzyme activity, reduced ATP levels, high oxidative stress, low mitochondrial copy number, and low expression of the mitochondrial genes involved in mitophagy (PINK and PARKIN) and mitochondrial fusion (MFN-1). Subsequent induction of MI in DPM exposed animals (DPM + ISO) further deteriorated the normal sinus rhythm, accompanied by elevated plasma CK and LDH level, increased myocardial caspase activity, downregulation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1-α), transcription factor A (TFAM), DNA polymerase subunit gamma (POLG), and other mitochondrial quality control genes. Based on these results, we conclude that DPM alters the electrophysiology and ultrastructure of the heart that aggravates the MI-induced cardiotoxicity, where the diminished mitochondrial quality can be the potential contributor.
Medical pro bono, in which medical professionals provide no (or low) cost services, is one approach to addressing unmet healthcare needs. Prior efforts to understand who chooses to take part in pro bono and why they might do so have been primarily atheoretical in their approach. The current investigation focuses on students in medical school and draws on relevant theory and research in psychology to identify predictors of their intentions to engage in medical pro bono service during and after medical school.
Four major approaches to identifying predictors of medical pro bono are examined the role of demographic variables as predictors of medical pro bono, conceptualizing medical pro bono as a form of volunteerism, viewing medical pro bono as an expression of personality, and medical pro bono as a reflection of role identities and expectations. Each of these approaches can be characterized as being about medical students' individual attributes or aspects of the situation they are in.
A total of 278 medica of engagement in medical pro bono. Program level interventions could work toward the institutionalization of medical pro bono by the inclusion/promotion of medical pro bono into the program's co-curricular and/or extracurricular activities.Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic patients leads to an increased incidence of complications and mortality. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) plays a critical role in diabetic myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. This paper aims to uncover the underlying mechanisms of SFRP4 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of diabetic myocardial cells. An in vitro ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model was established using high glucose-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Expression of SFRP4 was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. After transfection of SFRP4, the binding of SFRP4 to protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) was predicted by database and verified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. P13 K/AKT protein levels were examined by Western blotting. PTPN12 levels were tested by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, cell viability by Cell Counting Kit-8, lactose dehydrogenase kit, terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and cell inflammation and oxidative stress by Western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. After overexpression of PTPN12, the experiments for cell viability, inflammation and oxidative stress were repeated once more. SFRP4 expression was upregulated in a high-glucose-stimulated H/R cardiomyocyte model. The interference of SFRP4 promoted cell viability, inhibited the inflammatory and oxidative stress response of H/R cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose. SFRP4 interacted with PTPN12 and inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PTPN12 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of sh-SFRP4 on H/R cardiomyocyte damage induced by high glucose. Downregulation of SFRP4 inhibited H/R cell damage in diabetic cardiomyocytes by binding to PTPN12.Objective Due to its well-known anti-inflammatory property, oxymatrine (OMT) has received more attention on the aspect of treating ulcerative colitis. Although efforts have been undertaken to understand the therapeutic mechanism of OMT on ulcerative colitis (UC), the remedial principle is still ambiguous. Numerous studies have shown that TLR9/Myd88/NF-κB signal pathway played a key role in the pathogenesis of UC. Moreover, TLR9/Myd88/NF-κB signal pathway is a part of the most important pathways for regulating the immune response.Methods We explored the influence of OMT with different dosages on UC by establishing a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. Moreover, the participation of TLR9/Myd88/NF-κB signal pathway and whether OMT protects against UC though targeting this pathway are further studied.Results Our data revealed that OMT could significantly relieve the symptom of TNBS-induced colitis in rats by reactivating the tight junction protein and, more important, by inhibiting the activation of TLR9/Myd88/NF-κB pathway and protein expression levels of its downstream inflammatory factors.Conclusion OMT could relieve colitis in rat models by impacting tight junction proteins' TLR9/Myd88/NF-κB signal pathways and activity.
Otitis media (OM) is a model disease for developing, validating, and implementing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. We aim to review the state of the art applications of AI used to diagnose OM in pediatric and adult populations.
Several comprehensive databases were searched to identify all articles that applied AI technologies to diagnose OM.
Relevant articles from January 2010 through May 2021 were identified by title and abstract. Articles were excluded if they did not discuss AI in conjunction with diagnosing OM. References of included studies and relevant review articles were cross-referenced to identify any additional studies.
Title and abstract screening resulted in full-text retrieval of 40 articles that met initial screening parameters. Of this total, secondary review articles (n = 7) and commentary-based articles (n = 2) were removed, as were articles that did not specifically discuss AI and OM diagnosis (n = 5), leaving 25 articles for review. Applications of AI technologies specific to diagnosing OM included machine learning and natural language processing (n = 23) and prototype approaches (n = 2).
This review emphasizes the utility of AI techniques to automate and aid in diagnosing OM. Although these techniques are still in the development and testing stages, AI has the potential to improve the practice of otolaryngologists and primary care clinicians by increasing the efficiency and accuracy of diagnoses.
This review emphasizes the utility of AI techniques to automate and aid in diagnosing OM. Although these techniques are still in the development and testing stages, AI has the potential to improve the practice of otolaryngologists and primary care clinicians by increasing the efficiency and accuracy of diagnoses.
Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is rare and often confers a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to synthesize survival and recurrence outcomes data reported in the literature for patients who underwent temporal bone resection (TBR) for curative management of TBSCC. We considered TBSCC listed as originating from multiple subsites, including the external ear, parotid, and external auditory canal (EAC), or nonspecifically from the temporal bone.
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and manual search of bibliographies.
A systematic literature review conducted in December 2020 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Survival data were collected from 51 retrospective studies, resulting in a pooled cohort of 501 patients with TBSCC. Compared to patients undergoing lateral TBR (LTBR), patients undergoing subtotal (SBTR) or total (TTBR) TBR exhibited significantly higher rates of stage IV disease (
< .001), positive surgical margins (
< .001), facial nerve involvement (
< .001), and recurrent disease (
< .001). A meta-analysis of 15 studies revealed a statistically significant 97% increase in mortality in patients who underwent STBR or TTBR. On multivariate analysis, recurrent disease was independently associated with worse overall survival (
< .001). On univariate analysis, facial nerve involvement was also associated with decreased overall survival (
< .001).
Recurrent disease was associated with risk of death in patients undergoing TBR. Larger prospective multi-institutional studies are needed to ascertain prognostic factors for a wider array of postoperative outcomes, including histology-specific survival and recurrence outcomes.
Recurrent disease was associated with risk of death in patients undergoing TBR. Larger prospective multi-institutional studies are needed to ascertain prognostic factors for a wider array of postoperative outcomes, including histology-specific survival and recurrence outcomes.Handgrip strength is used as an important indicator of health in older adults. We aimed to explore the association between stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and handgrip strength among older adults. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dlin-kc2-dma.html We conducted this cross-sectional study involving 1254 individuals (aged ≥65 years), using data from the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI. We used logistic regression analysis to examine associations between handgrip strength and mental health. Among mental health factors, a significant difference was noted between stress and handgrip strength among the older adults. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odd ratio (OR) of stress among older adults with low handgrip strength was statistically significant in Models 1 (1.61 (95% CI 1.01-2.57)) and 2 (1.59 (95% CI 1.01-2.52)) but not in Model 3 (1.52 (95% CI .96-2.43)). No significant association was found between depression or suicidal ideation and handgrip strength. The risk of stress was 1.59-1.61 times higher in older adults with low handgrip strength, compared to that in older adults with normal handgrip strength.
