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Robust gender-based data are required to understand disparities throughout the continuum of care and to devise gender-responsive pandemic strategies.

Countries with institutionalised gender disparities and poor healthcare access and quality tend to have higher MF ratios of confirmed COVID-19 cases; thus, highlighting underutilisation of testing services, influenced by multiple individuals, social and policy factors. Robust gender-based data are required to understand disparities throughout the continuum of care and to devise gender-responsive pandemic strategies.

COVID-19 pandemic affected majority of students worldwide because school closures were one of the first and frequently taken measures in tackling epidemic. This study analyzed trends in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality from the beginning of pandemic in Croatia, in relation to schools opening and closing.

Retrospective data review.

Data on COVID-19 positive patients in Croatia from week 9 of 2020 to week 10 of 2021 in Croatia were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Analysis also included hospitalizations and mortality trends for age groups 26 to 65 and 66+ from week 30 of 2020.

Schools opened in fall after the summer holidays in week 37. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19 in all age groups until 50th week, except in the 19-25 age group which saw an increase until 49th week. During the period of increase, there were periods of moderate increases and rapid increases in incidence that were present between 39/41 week and 4nings and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality trends in Croatia and that other factors were leading to increasing and decreasing numbers. This emphasizes the need to consider the introduction of other effective and less harmful measures by stakeholders, or at least to use school closures as a last resort.

To investigate the associations of state gubernatorial party control and 2016 county-level presidential election preference on COVID-19 case and death rates in the United States.

This was a secondary analysis of publicly available data.

Data including county-level COVID-19 case and death counts through February 9, 2021, 2020 gubernatorial data, and county-level US Census Bureau data, Broadstreet area deprivation index, and 2016 presidential voting tallies were included. Negative binomial regression estimated the adjusted impact of each variable on COVID-19 case and death rates.

A total of 3102 counties in the 48 continental United States plus Washington DC were included. County-level case and death rates were higher (12% and 22%, respectively) in Republican vs Democrat controlled states. Case and death rates were higher in counties voting Republican vs Democrat in 2016 and were modified by counties with median ages ≥ 50 years (54% increase in case rate and 91% increase in death rate).

These data further support the need for prevention efforts to focus on public health while extricating guidance and prevention from political agendas.

These data further support the need for prevention efforts to focus on public health while extricating guidance and prevention from political agendas.

To investigate the salivary metaproteomic characteristics of the children with and without severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).

In this study, we collected unstimulated saliva samples from 34 children (age 3-4 years) with caries free (NC, dmfs (= index of decayed, missing due to caries, or filled tooth surfaces) = 0, n = 23) and with S-ECC (dmfs≥10, n = 11). Salivary proteins were extracted and reduced, and then a Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry system was used to identify proteins.

Nearly 3000 proteins were identified in this study, and about 3.5 % of the proteins originated from human while 86 % were derived from microbes. The salivary protein types in the NC group were statistically greater than those in the S-ECC group (P <0.05). Specifically, the salivary protein types derived from microbes in the NC group were significantly greater than those in the S-ECC group. Selleckchem DBZ inhibitor Three proteins, human lactoferrin, penicillin-binding protein 1C [Burkholderia ubonensis], human alpha-defensin 1 (F28a mutant), were decreased statistically in the NC group compared to the S-ECC group (P < 0.05). Only one protein, 50S ribosomal protein L17 secreted by Haemophilus haemolyticus, was significantly increased in the NC group compared to the S-ECC group. Salivary IgA was the top highest protein in the NC group whereas human lysozyme was the top highest protein in the S-ECC group.

The differential proteins recognized in this study may be conducive for finding a caries biomarker. Understanding the metaproteomic characteristics can help us to control the caries from human origin and microbial origin.

The differential proteins recognized in this study may be conducive for finding a caries biomarker. Understanding the metaproteomic characteristics can help us to control the caries from human origin and microbial origin.

Patients with migraine with visual aura (MwvA) often present to eye care providers for evaluation. A thorough ophthalmological history and examination is needed to exclude ophthalmologic disorders. Additionally, it has been increasingly recognized that MwvA is associated with ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the differential diagnosis of MwvA and its association with IS.

We conducted a PubMed search using key words including "migraine aura", "visual aura without headache", "late onset migraine accompaniment", "migraine and stroke", "migraine and atrial fibrillation", and "migraine and patent foramen ovale (PFO)". We narratively summarized the main findings of the identified studies in sections including age of onset and frequency of migraine with aura, stroke subtypes, and the role of cardioembolism in the migraine-stroke association.

For women younger than 50 years, MwvA is associated with an increased risk of IS, and the risk further incrtion in specific clinical scenarios.

This study aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of a direct aspiration first pass technique as a first-line strategy for mechanical thrombectomy in posterior circulation.

We examined 34 consecutive patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion. Procedural and clinical outcomes were assessed and compared between patients treated with a direct aspiration first pass technique first-line strategy (ADAPT group) and stent retriever system first-line strategy (stent retriever group).

Overall, successful reperfusion, complete reperfusion, and first-pass effects were achieved in 94.1%, 61.8%, and 50% of patients with acute ischemic stroke in vertebra-basilar artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy, respectively. The ADAPT group required a significantly shorter procedural time (p=.015) and fewer attempts (p=.0498) to achieve successful recanalization than the stent retriever group. The ADAPT group also tended to show better recanalization rates and first-pass effects than the stent retriever group. The rates of favorable outcomes seemed to be better, although insignificant, in the ADAPT group than in the stent retriever group (52.2% vs. 27.3%, p=.217). However, a significant correlation between the time required for reperfusion and clinical outcome was detected, and this will serve as the rationale for encouraging a direct aspiration first pass technique as a first-line strategy in the acute vertebra-basilar artery.

The a direct aspiration first pass technique first-line strategy for mechanical thrombectomy in posterior circulation may achieve successful recanalization with fewer attempts and shorter durations than the stent retriever first-line strategy.

The a direct aspiration first pass technique first-line strategy for mechanical thrombectomy in posterior circulation may achieve successful recanalization with fewer attempts and shorter durations than the stent retriever first-line strategy.

To describe and compare two cases of North American and African patients who were diagnosed with HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with homozygous and heterozygous mutations, respectively, in the linker domain of the HTRA1 gene.

Case reports and literature review.

A 49-year-old man from Mexico presented with recurrent lacunar strokes and memory loss. A 46-year-old woman from Eritrea presented with progressive memory loss. Neither patient had alopecia. MRI of the brain and spine in both patients showed leukoencephalopathy, microbleeds and spondylosis. Microbleeds along the subpial surfaces of the brainstem were only seen in the Mexican man. Genetic sequencing of HTRA1 gene revealed a novel homozygous mutation of p.A173S in the Mexican man supporting cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL). A heterozygous mutation of p.V175M was detected in the African woman, which has not been reported in patients of African ethnicity. In reviewing literature, CARASIL patients with mutation in the linker domain are older at neurological symptom onset and more frequently presented with stroke compared to patients with non-linker domain mutations. In patients of HTRA1-CSVD from heterozygous mutations, male is more common.

HTRA1-related CSVD may be seen in patients of non-Asian ethnicity without alopecia. These case reports extend the clinical and radiographic spectrum of HTRA1-related CSVD.

HTRA1-related CSVD may be seen in patients of non-Asian ethnicity without alopecia. These case reports extend the clinical and radiographic spectrum of HTRA1-related CSVD.

A direct first-pass aspiration technique (ADAPT) is an attractive interventional technique for mechanical thrombectomy (MT), which could achieve recanalization quickly and safely at a small amount of material resources. To clarify its usefulness, our ADAPT first-line strategy for middle cerebral artery (MCA)-mainstem occlusion was retrospectively analyzed.

We reviewed 54 consecutive patients who underwent MT for MCA-mainstem occlusion using ADAPT first-line strategy. A salvage procedure was concurrently conducted in cases that failed to achieve successful recanalization by ADAPT attempt alone. Procedural and clinical outcome were assessed in both ADAPT alone and Salvage groups. Further investigation was performed in cases that required salvage procedure to determine the reason, risk factors, and optimal procedure.

Forty-one patients (75.9%) were able to achieve successful recanalization with ADAPT technique alone. In salvage group, the procedural time was longer, and rates of successful recanalization were lower than in ADAPT-alone group. No significant difference in the rates of favorable outcomes was observed. Among 13 patients who required salvage therapy, the major reason (eight cases) was intra-procedural "thrombus distal migration". Failure of recanalization was seen in two cases due to "inaccessibility". In patients who had "thrombus distal migration", occlusion in the proximal portion was more frequently observed than in patients who did not (p=0.032, 63.6% vs. 23.3%).

Our ADAPT first-line strategy for MCA-mainstem occlusion demonstrated favorable procedural and clinical outcomes, even in cases that required additional procedures. Further investigation and better understanding are required to refine this promising procedure.

Our ADAPT first-line strategy for MCA-mainstem occlusion demonstrated favorable procedural and clinical outcomes, even in cases that required additional procedures. Further investigation and better understanding are required to refine this promising procedure.