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Cancer patients usually lose muscle mass and strength during progression of tumor or treatment. One of the simplest, easiest, and cheapest methods to assess muscle strength is by handgrip strength (HGS), which has been widely used during clinical practice. However, it is not established whether the presence of comorbidities, when assessed by the Charlson Comorbidities Index (CCI), is associated with lower HGS in cancer patients. Thus, this study sought to verify if low HGS is associated with highest CCI in cancer patients.

Cross-sectional study enrolled 167 cancer patients of both sexes diagnosed with cancer. The sample was divided into two groups, CCI <5 low comorbidity or CCI ≥5 high comorbidity number. Muscle strength was assessed by digital dynamometer. Student t and Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the differences between groups and logistic regression was used to verify the association between CCI and HGS, in the crude (model 1) and adjusted for confounding variables (model 2).

Patients from the CCI ≥5 group were older (65.0±11.3 vs. 55.3±13.1; p<0.05), hospitalized (p<0.05), and the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of digestion tumors were more prevalent when compared to the CCI <5 group. The logistic regression in the crude model showed a negative association between CCI and HGS (OR 0.94 [95%CI 0.90-0.98], p=0.006), however, after adjusting for confounders variables this association was lost (OR 0.98 [95%CI 0.94-1.03], p=0.58).

In patients with cancer, there is no independent association between HGS and CCI.

In patients with cancer, there is no independent association between HGS and CCI.

Anemia control has hitherto been through prophylaxis with weekly iron folic acid (IFA) in Indian women of reproductive age (WRA). Recently, a more precise approach has been proposed, that uses a 'screen and treat with IFA' approach for anemic WRA, combined with continued prophylactic IFA in non-anemic WRA. The efficacy of this approach was assessed in Indian WRA, along with changes in iron status biomarkers.

Young WRA (n=470), aged 17-21y, were screened for their venous blood hemoglobin (Hb) and treated with IFA for 90 days according to their grade of anemia, or if non-anemic, administered prophylactic IFA, per Indian policy guidelines, and then followed-up for an additional 9-months. Their Hb, plasma ferritin (PF), transferrin receptor, hepcidin and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured at baseline, during treatment and further follow-up. Anemia was diagnosed using Hb (<12g/dL) and iron deficiency (ID) using PF (<15μg/L) cut-offs after adjustment for inflammation. Co-existence of anemia and ID was labelled iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

At baseline, in the whole group anemia, ID and IDA prevalence was 69.6%, 68.7% and 62.4%, respectively. At 90 days, IFA treatment or prophylaxis significantly reduced anemia by 40 percentage points (pp), from 69.6% at baseline to 29.8%; ID by 47.3 pp, and IDA by 48 pp. Moreover, significant treatment effects persisted at 365 days of follow-up.

The 'screen and treat with IFA' approach is efficacious in reducing the prevalence of anemia in general among WRA, with persistent and significant effects after 9 months of follow-up.

CTRI No2019/02/017806, http//ctri.nic.in/.

CTRI No2019/02/017806, http//ctri.nic.in/.

Protein kinetic responses to nutrition and exercise interventions are commonly evaluated using a primed-constant infusion of stable isotope tracers. While this methodology is state-of-the-art, the required preparation at a certified pharmacy makes the utilization of isotope infusion both expensive and logistically cumbersome. Oral tracer ingestion has been used to quantify 24-hwhole-body protein status; however, this does not permit examination of acute interventional effects. Ingestion of a priming bolus, followed by continuous ingestion of stable isotope tracer in a 'sip feeding' fashion may provide a more feasible alternative for quantifying acute kinetic responses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of a primed continuous oral sip-ingestion method of stable isotope tracers for the evaluation of whole-body protein kinetics.

In a randomized, crossover design, eight healthy adults (63% female; Age 29.4±5.8yrs; BMI 24.3±2.7kg/m

) completed two, two-period stable isotope orf variance and individual responses revealed high measurement variability with the sip-feed method compared to previously published constant infusion responses, but ΔNB, ΔPS, and ΔPB were comparable. In situations where constant infusion is not feasible, oral sip-feeding could be used as an alternative method for measurement of acute, postprandial protein metabolism.

Late complications associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube in patients are common occurrences. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with PEG-related late complications.

Patients who underwent PEG exchange were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records between January 2015 and November 2020. Medical records were reviewed longitudinally from the PEG replacement date until the first complication event, death, or the end of the study. The late complication was defined as the PEG-related complications six months after the initial PEG placement. Tofacitinib Potential risk factors were tested using Cox proportional hazard.

A total of 116 patients (mean age 80.5±17.6 years, 52.6% male) were enrolled with a 12 (4-23) months median follow-up. The indications were mostly neurologic disease (89.7%). Non-balloon PEG was used in 93 (80.2%) patients with balloon-type in 23 (19.8%) patients. PEG-related late complications developed in 35 (30.2%) patients with a median time of 9 (4-23) months. In the multivariate analysis, the PEG-related late complication rate was significantly higher in patients with balloon-type PEG tube (HR 5.54; 95%CI, 2.55-12.05; p<0.001) and also showed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of developing complications (54.9% vs. 12.8% at one year and 76% vs. 22.8% at two years, p<0.001). The most common complication was PEG dislodgement (n=14, 40%).

Late-onset of PEG tube-associated complications is a common problem. The significant factor associated with PEG tube complication was balloon-type PEG placement.

Late-onset of PEG tube-associated complications is a common problem. The significant factor associated with PEG tube complication was balloon-type PEG placement.

Infertility is a global challenge, affecting 15% of non-contracepting couples that have intercourse. Recent studies have shown that diet can directly affect sperm quality. Protein is one of the most important components of an adequate diet that can regulate metabolic profile and send signals to the reproductive axis. This study aimed to determine the relationship between plant and animal protein intake and infertility in Iranian men.

In this cross-sectional study, 270 infertile men aged 18-55 years were selected from Isfahan Infertility clinic in 2018. Semen assessment was performed according to the fifth edition of the WHO laboratory manual and a 168-item questionnaire was used to determine the amount of dietary intakes of participants. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for Windows software (version 20.0), SPSS Inc, and Chicago IL. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was significant association between concentration and plant protein tertiles in the crude mors, more researches need to be done in this area.

In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between plant and animal protein with semen parameters was evaluated. Although this study demonstrated the relationship between plant and animal based protein with semen parameters, more researches need to be done in this area.

Excessive adiposity in pregnancy is associated with an altered cardiometabolic profile and adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) is a proxy measure for adiposity that is most often used in clinical settings; however, it may not identify at-risk pregnancies caused by adiposity-related cardiometabolic dysfunction. The challenge is that validated direct adiposity measures are limited due to the dynamic nature of pregnancy. This exploratory analysis aimed to, 1) evaluate longitudinal changes in % body fat (BF) and the agreement between skinfold thickness (SFT) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) across pregnancy and in postpartum; 2) compare the discrimination power of SFT, BIA, and pBMI regarding adiposity status; and 3) assess agreement between SFT and BIA with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the postpartum.

Participants enrolled in the Be Healthy in Pregnancy (BHIP) RCT (NCT01693510) had demographic data and pBMI collected at enrollment and adiposityntifying participants with excessive adiposity, limiting its use as a screening tool for adiposity-related adverse outcomes in pregnancy. It would be preferable to use a direct measure of adiposity to screen for at-risk pregnancies. Both %BF by BIA and sum of SFT can quantify the change in adiposity across pregnancy and in the postpartum and thus could be adopted as clinical practice tools. Future research efforts should further refine and validate adiposity techniques for use, particularly in mid and late pregnancy.

The BHIP clinical trial (NCT01693510). REGISTRATION SITE https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01693510.

The BHIP clinical trial (NCT01693510). REGISTRATION SITE https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01693510.

This study aimed to investigate the serum irisin levels and diet quality of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in comparison with healthy controls and to identify the correlations between serum irisin levels with diet quality, anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters.

This case-control study was conducted with 38 newly-diagnosed T2DM patients and 38 healthy control individuals. Diet quality was calculated from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire by using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. The anthropometric measurements were taken and body composition was analyzed with bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) method. Biochemical parameters and serum irisin levels were analyzed in blood samples which were obtained after overnight fasting.

Irisin levels were higher in the T2DM group compared to the healthy control group (2.57±0.44ng/mL and 2.15±0.44ng/mL, respectively; p<0.001). The optimal cut-off value for irisin to predict T2DM was 2.195ng/mL (specificity=71.1%, sensitivity=78.9%). In both groups, irisin levels were not associated with overall HEI 2015; however, they were positively associated with total and whole fruit scores in the T2DM group (p<0.05). After adjustment according to age, sex and BMI, in the T2DM group HDL cholesterol positively affected by irisin levels, while in the control group triglyceride positively affected irisin levels (p<0.05).

High levels of irisin in newly diagnosed T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals indicate that irisin may have a role in the monitoring and treatment of T2DM. Though irisin levels were not associated with total diet quality, they were associated with fruit consumption.

High levels of irisin in newly diagnosed T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals indicate that irisin may have a role in the monitoring and treatment of T2DM. Though irisin levels were not associated with total diet quality, they were associated with fruit consumption.