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WGS analyses showed Gardnerella spp. as the most abundant organism. After treatment with MET, there was an observed decline of Lactobacillus and Prevotella species. One participant had a healthy vaginal microbiota based on NS at one follow-up time point. Resistance genes including tetM and lscA were detected. Though limited in subjects, this study shows specific microbiota changes with treatment, presence of many resistant genes in their microbiota, and recurrence and persistence of BV despite MET treatment. Thus, MET may not be an effective treatment option for asymptomatic BV, and whole metagenome sequence would better inform the choice of antibiotics.The Microbiology Society will be launching an open research platform in October 2021. Developed using funding from the Wellcome Trust and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), the platform will combine our current sound-science journal, Access Microbiology, with artificial intelligence (AI) review tools and many of the elements of a preprint server. In an effort to improve the rigour, reproducibility and transparency of the academic record, the Access Microbiology platform will host both preprints of articles and their Version of Record (VOR) publications, as well as the reviewer reports, Editor's decision, authors' response to reviewers and the AI review reports. To ensure the platform meets the needs of our community, in February 2020 we conducted focus group meetings with various stakeholders. Using articles previously submitted to Access Microbiology, we undertook testing of a range of potential AI review tools and investigated the technical feasibility and utility of including these tools as part of the platform. In keeping with the open and transparent ethos of the platform, we present here a summary of the focus group feedback and AI review tool testing.Until an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is available on a widespread scale, the control of the COVID-19 pandemic is reliant upon effective pandemic control measures. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to remain viable on surfaces and in aerosols, means indirect contact transmission can occur and there is an opportunity to reduce transmission using effective disinfectants in public and communal spaces. Virusend (TX-10), a novel disinfectant, has been developed as a highly effective disinfectant against a range of microbial agents. Here we investigate the ability of Virusend to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Using surface and solution inactivation assays, we show that Virusend is able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titre by 4 log10 p.f.u. ml-1 within 1 min of contact. Ensuring disinfectants are highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 is important in eliminating environmental sources of the virus to control the COVID-19 pandemic.

is a Gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontal disease in humans. Cases of extra-oral manifestations of infection are rare with only six reported cases of extra-oral infection including this report that have been identified in the current literature. Molecular methods are generally used to identify

while optimal antibiotic choice and duration to treat extra-oral infections for this pathogen is unknown.

A 63-year-old male with a background history of alcoholic pancreatitis presented with fever and malaise who was found to have radiological intra-abdominal collections. Drainage of these collections identified

via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry with high probability and identification further confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. find more Antibiotic susceptibility testing to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin of

was performed using E-test diffusion methods along with investigation for the presence of resistance genes. The patient was treated with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam followed by ciprofloxacin for 4 weeks total with good clinical recovery.

Extra-oral manifestations with the pathogen

are rare with few cases described in the literature. There is minimal data on susceptibility patterns, optimal antibiotic treatment and duration. Treatment of extraintestinal

infections in humans should encompass both adequate source control and antibiotic therapy.

Extra-oral manifestations with the pathogen C. curvus are rare with few cases described in the literature. There is minimal data on susceptibility patterns, optimal antibiotic treatment and duration. Treatment of extraintestinal C. curvus infections in humans should encompass both adequate source control and antibiotic therapy.When working with anaerobic bacteria it is important to have the capability to perform parallel bioreactor growth experiments that are both controllable and reproducible, although capital and consumables costs for commercially available systems are often prohibitively high. Hence, a three-vessel parallel bioreactor system was designed and constructed that has the capabilities for batch and fed batch processes and can also be set up for continuous culture at a fraction of the cost of commercial systems. This system carries over many of the same functionalities of those systems with a higher price point of entry, including in-line monitoring of temperature, pH, and redox poise. To validate the performance of this system Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum was grown under conditions that promote ABE fermentation, an established industrial process used to produce the solvents acetone, butanol and ethanol. Measurements of cell density, pH, and redox poise all confirmed reproducible culture conditions for these parallel vessels, and solvent quantitation via GCMS verified consistent metabolic activities for the separate cultures. In future, this system will be of interest to researchers that require high performance parallel fermentation platforms but where commercial systems are not accessible.

Patients with

bacteriuria (SABU) often have underlying invasive disease, including

bacteremia (SAB). It has been proposed that most patients with SABU should have a blood culture done to rule out SAB. A preliminary audit suggested that our local hospitals had a low rate of follow-up blood culture orders for patients with SABU. In response to this, our microbiology laboratory changed the comment appended to urine cultures with growth of

to make a more assertive link between SABU and SAB and to recommend follow-up blood cultures.

We designed a retrospective quasi-experimental study to see if the change in microbiology comment wording had an effect on clinician behaviour. We hypothesized that this simple comment change to make a more assertive link between SABU and SAB would lead to an increase in follow-up blood culture orders.

We used microbiology records to identify adult patients with urine cultures positive for

at three acute-care hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, for 1 year pre- andup blood culture orders.Current phylogenetic analysis of the flavivirus genus has identified a group of mosquito-borne viruses for which the vertebrate hosts are currently unknown. Here we report the identification of a novel member of this group from a peridomestic rodent species (Sundamys muelleri) collected in Sarawak, Malaysia in 2016. We propose to name this novel flavivirus Batu Kawa virus after the location in which it was identified, with the abbreviation BKWV. Characterization of the BKWV genome allowed identification of putative mature peptides, potential enzyme motifs and conserved structural elements. Phylogenetic analysis found BKWV to be most closely related to Nhumirim virus (from Brazil) and Barkedji virus (from Senegal and Israel). Both of these viruses have been identified in Culex mosquitoes and belong to a group of viruses with unknown vertebrate hosts. This is the first known report of a member of this group of viruses from a potential mammalian host.

is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacillus, which exhibits innate resistance to multiple antibiotics and disinfectants. Although it is a chronic colonizer of the respiratory tract, it may rarely present with fatal necrotizing pneumonia-like features in immunosuppressed individuals, as those with chronic granulomatous disease, or patients with significant pulmonary compromise, like cystic fibrosis.

A 76-year-old male presented with complaints of breathlessness, cough with mucoid expectoration and fever for 3 days. He had a history of coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus and hypertension, under treatment. Pulmonary function tests were suggestive of very severe obstruction (FEV1/FVC was 55 %). So, clinical diagnosis of acute exacerbation of COPD was established. Sputum culture grew

. The patient was treated with ceftazidime and meropenem along with inhalational bronchodilators and steroids, and showed symptomatic response to therapy.

There is paucity of the literature describing

as a potential cause for acute exacerbations in relatively common clinical conditions, such as COPD. This case report highlights the speculation of this rare possibility, thereby alerting a clinician dealing with such cases.

There is paucity of the literature describing B. cepacia as a potential cause for acute exacerbations in relatively common clinical conditions, such as COPD. This case report highlights the speculation of this rare possibility, thereby alerting a clinician dealing with such cases.Mycoplasma salivarium is a common mycoplasma usually isolated from human oropharynx, particularly from individuals with periodontal disease. It is also among the more common mycoplasmal contaminants of eukaryotic cell cultures. Although M. salivarium has been isolated occasionally from abscesses and other sterile sites, to our knowledge, only three cases of septic arthritis have been documented in the past due to this organism, all in patients with humoral immunodeficiency. We now report a fourth case of septic polyarthritis in a patient with profound hypoimmunoglobulinemia who had experienced dental abscesses within the preceding 2 years. Our case highlights the importance of considering invasive mycoplasmal infection in hypogammaglobulinemic patients. It is likely of significance that the patient had suffered recurrent dental abscesses as a source of infection with M. salivarium .Vaccines are a recommended strategy for controlling influenza A infections in humans and animals. Here, we describe the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the structure, morphology and functional characteristics of avian influenza A H3N8 virus. The effect of hydrostatic pressure for 3 h on H3N8 virus revealed that the particles were resistant to this condition, and the virus displayed only a discrete conformational change. We found that pressure of 3 kbar applied for 6 h was able to inhibit haemagglutination and infectivity while virus replication was no longer observed, suggesting that full virus inactivation occurred at this point. However, the neuraminidase activity was not affected at this approach suggesting the maintenance of neutralizing antibody epitopes in this key antigen. Our data bring important information for the area of structural virology of enveloped particles and support the idea of applying pressure-induced inactivation as a tool for vaccine production.