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6%) patient in the first group underwent unplanned PEG removal and 1 (10%) patient in the second group had peristomal granuloma. We observed three major complications colon perforation (6.6%) in a patient with VP shunt, gastrocolic fistula (6.6%) in a patient with Fallot-tetralogy and severe TAD, and pneumoperitoneum (6.6%) caused by early tube dislodgement in an autistic patient with severe TAD. All the three complications occurred in the first group (20%). No major complications occurred in the second group.
In high-risk patients, L-PEG may be safer than conventional PEG. Thus, L-PEG is recommended for high-risk patients.
In high-risk patients, L-PEG may be safer than conventional PEG. Thus, L-PEG is recommended for high-risk patients.
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the most common cause of gastric obstruction in newborns. Extra-mucosal pyloromyotomy can be performed through a small laparotomy or laparoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the two surgical techniques. We also analyzed the incidence of HPS in infants in the last 10 years in relation to the demographic trend of our province.
We analyzed all the cases of HPS treated at our Unit between January 2010 and December 2019. The data were obtained from operating systems. Data about the demographic trends, in particular, the number of births and the population residing in the province of Verona from 2010 to 2019, were also retrieved.
During the study period, 60 patients were treated for HPS and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 56 males and 4 females with an average age of 38±14 days at surgery were included. No differences were found in terms of the duration of surgery, post-operative complications, duration of hospitalization, and weight at the time of surgery. The only statistically significant data was the chlorine level in cases with and without post-operative vomiting (97±3.5 vs. 102±3.3 mmol/L,
<0.05). There was a lower incidence of HPS from 2014 to 2019; however, there was no significant evidence regarding the correlation between this and the reduced birth rate recorded in the province of Verona during the same period.
Although laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is a highly complex procedure, it is a feasible alternative to the classic open technique.
Although laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is a highly complex procedure, it is a feasible alternative to the classic open technique.
Data on the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) in infants is scarce. Selleckchem Dulaglutide The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring in infants who have experienced BRUE.
We conducted a prospective study of infants who were hospitalized on account of BRUE and required 24-hour MII-pH monitoring.
Twenty-one infants (mean age, 4.7 months; range, 0.9-8.9 months; male/female, 11/10) participated in this study. BRUE symptoms associated with GER were found in 10 infants (47.6%). link2 Based on the RI on pH-metry alone, only 7 (33.3%) infants were diagnosed with GERD. More than 100 GER episodes detected by MII were found in 10 (47.6%) infants. Nineteen percent of infants were diagnosed with GERD based on both pH and MII.
Both acid and non-acid reflux seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of GER-related BRUE in infants.
Both acid and non-acid reflux seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of GER-related BRUE in infants.Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality that occurs mainly in premature born infants. The pathophysiologic mechanisms indicate that gastrointestinal dysbiosis is a major risk factor. We searched for relevant articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar in the English language up to October 2020. Articles were extracted using subject headings and keywords of interest to the topic. Interesting references in included articles were also considered. Network meta-analysis suggests the preventive efficacy of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp., but even more for mixtures of Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus spp. However, studies comparing face-to-face different strains are lacking. Moreover, differences in inclusion criteria, dosage strains, and primary outcomes in most trials are major obstacles to providing evidence-based conclusions. Although adverse effects have not been reported in clinical trials, case series of adverse outcomes, mainly septicemia, have been published. Consequently, systematic administration of probiotic bacteria to prevent NEC is still debated in literature. The risk-benefit ratio depends on the incidence of NEC in a neonatal intensive care unit, and evidence has shown that preventive measures excluding probiotic administration can result in a decrease in NEC.
Depression is one of the most common mood disorders. Considering the evidence on the effect of
on mood disorders, this study investigatedthe effect of hydroalcoholic extract of
(HEC) in an animal model of depression.
Thirty-two male rats were selected and divided into four groups (n=8) including control, depressed, and depressed treated with200 and 400 mg/kg HEC. Depression induction protocol was conducted in all groups except for the control group. Sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were done to analyze the depression score. link3 After four weeks, the animals brain cortex was removed and BDNF protein and tyrosine receptor kinase B (
) gene expression levels were determined by ELISA and Real Time PCR, respectively.
The results of this study showed that 400 mg/kg of HEC increased the tendency to drink the sucrose solution. Furthermore, immobility time significantly increased in the depressed group compared to the control group while it was attenuated by administration of 400 mg/kg extract on the 28th day versus the depressed group. Also the extract at both doses increased swimming time compared to the depressed group. In addition, an increase in the BDNF protein and
gene expression levels was observed in the prefrontal cortex of the treatment groups.
We found that HEC ameliorated depression symptoms in rats and these effects were probably due to an increase in BDNF proteins and its receptor,
, gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex.
We found that HEC ameliorated depression symptoms in rats and these effects were probably due to an increase in BDNF proteins and its receptor, TrkB, gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine system disruption that affects 6-10% of women. Some studies have reported the effect of
(Vitagnus) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis (HPG). This study was conducted to investigate Vitagnus effect on the expression of kisspeptin gene in a rat model of PCOS.
Thirty-two female rats were distributed into control, Vitagnus-treatment (365 mg/kg for 30 days), PCOS (Letrozole for 28 days) and PCOS animals treated with Vitagnus (30 days of Vitagnus after PCOS induction). At the end of the treatments, serum and ovaries were collected for analysis. Expression level of
gene in the hypothalamus was investigated, using Real-Time-PCR.
In the PCOS group compared to control, FSH, progesterone and estradiol levels were decreased, whereas testosterone and LH levels were significantly increased. No significant changes were observed in the Vitagnus-treated animals in compare to control. However, Vitagnus treatment in the PCOS group, resulted in a raise in progests a new aspect of Vitagnus effect and may be considered in its clinical applications.
spp. have many applications in complementary medicine and are recognized as the most important sources of natural products for bone health and regeneration especially in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the extracts from three
species on proliferation and osteogenesis potential of human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs).
The possible cytotoxic activity of three members of
spp. (at concentrations of 5 to 100 μg/ml) was determined using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red-S staining, and the expression analysis of an osteoblastic gene were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation potential.
The extracts of
and
decreased the viability and growth of MenSCs while
increased the proliferation of cells after 72 hr incubation. Treatment of MenSCs with selected plant extracts revealed that
and
could enhance the osteogenic potential of MenSCs in terms of ALP activity. The
expression in the presence of
was significantly greater than observed following treatment with 17β-estradiol (as positive control).
The results of this study suggest that
and
may have therapeutic values as a nutraceutical with respect to their considerable influence on osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells.
The results of this study suggest that F. foetida and F. szowitsiana may have therapeutic values as a nutraceutical with respect to their considerable influence on osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells.
Hyperglycemia is a severe consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Throughinduction of oxidative stress, it plays a major role in the pathogenesis of several complications in DM. Therefore, new strategies and antioxidants should be implemented inthe treatment of DM. Quercetin is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant capacity found dominantly in vegetables, fruits, leaves, and grains. The current study aimed to investigate quercetin protective effects under D-glucose-induced oxidative stress by assessing antioxidant defense enzymes inHepG2 cells as an
model.
HepG2 cells were cultured with different concentrations of D-glucose (5.5, 30 and 50 mM) and/or 25 μM quercetin for 48 and 72 hr, respectively. The effect of treatments on cellular integrity, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, andcellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) wasdetermined.
D-glucose had various effects on intracellular antioxidant defense atdifferent doses and time-points and quercetin could attenuate oxidative stress and modulate antioxidant defenses.
The results of this study indicated that flavonoid quercetin could be proposed as an agent protecting hepatic HepG2 cells against oxidative stress associated with hyperglycemia.
The results of this study indicated that flavonoid quercetin could be proposed as an agent protecting hepatic HepG2 cells against oxidative stress associated with hyperglycemia.
Chemoprevention of cancer by application of natural phytochemical compounds has been used to prevent, delay or suppress cancer progression.
a traditional Iranian medicinal herb, has biological properties including anticancer, anti-aging, immuno-stimulatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, anti-proliferative effects of hydroalcoholic extract of
on prostate (PC3) and breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines were investigated.
In the current study, we investigated treatment of PC3 cells with different concentrations of
(0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/ml) for 24 and 48 hr; also, MCF7 cells were treated with various concentrations (0-600 µg/ml) of
for 48 and 72 hr and cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. mRNA expression of BCL2 Associated X (
), B-cell lymphoma 2 (
), Cysteine-aspartic proteases (
) and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (
) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Annexin V/PI staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay were used to detect apoptosis.
