Robersonmccabe2935

Although characteristic changes in amino acid concentrations occur in obesity and sarcopenia, amino acids concentrations have not been reported in sarcopenic obesity. We studied n = 831 men aged 75 years and older from the 5-year follow-up of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health criteria and obesity was defined as >30% fat mass. There were 31 men (3.7%) who had sarcopenic obesity. Branched chain amino acids were elevated in the obese (but not sarcopenic) group (n = 348) but reduced in both the sarcopenic (but not obese) (n = 44) and the sarcopenic obese groups. Apart from this, most of the amino acid concentrations were between those for the obese and the sarcopenic groups. Yet despite low concentrations of branched chain amino acids, the sarcopenic obese group had indications of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, homeostatic model assessment, and percentage of participants taking diabetes medications) that were similar to the obese group. In summary, sarcopenic obese participants did not have a unique amino acid signature. In obesity, elevated branched chain amino acids are not a prerequisite for insulin resistance and diabetes if obesity is associated with sarcopenia.

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a recognized causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but its role for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the association of Lp(a) with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke and risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events in AIS patients.

For this analysis of the prospective, observational, multicentre BIOSIGNAL cohort study we measured Lp(a) levels in plasma samples of 1733 primarily Caucasian (98.6%) AIS patients, collected within 24 h after symptom onset. Primary outcomes were LAA stroke aetiology and recurrent cerebrovascular events (ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack) within 1 year. We showed that Lp(a) levels are independently associated with LAA stroke aetiology [adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.90, per unit log10Lp(a) increase] and identified age as a potent effect modifier (Pinteraction=0.031) of this association. The adjusted odds ratio for LAA stroke in patients aged <60 years was 3.64 (95% CI 1.76-7.52) per unit log10Lp(a) increase and 4.04 (95% CI 1.73-9.43) using the established cut-off ≥100 nmol/l. For 152 recurrent cerebrovascular events, we did not find a significant association in the whole cohort. However, Lp(a) levels ≥100 nmol/l were associated with an increased risk for recurrent events among patients who were either <60 years [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.40, 95% CI 1.05-5.47], had evident LAA stroke aetiology (adjusted HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.08-4.40), or had no known atrial fibrillation (adjusted HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.03-2.48).

Elevated Lp(a) was independently associated with LAA stroke aetiology and risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events among primarily Caucasian individuals aged <60 years or with evident arteriosclerotic disease.

Elevated Lp(a) was independently associated with LAA stroke aetiology and risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events among primarily Caucasian individuals aged less then 60 years or with evident arteriosclerotic disease.Cardioaortic embolism to the brain accounts for approximately 15-30% of ischaemic strokes and is often referred to as 'cardioembolic stroke'. One-quarter of patients have more than one cardiac source of embolism and 15% have significant cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. After a careful work-up, up to 30% of ischaemic strokes remain 'cryptogenic', recently redefined as 'embolic strokes of undetermined source'. The diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke remains difficult because a potential cardiac source of embolism does not establish the stroke mechanism. The role of cardiac imaging-transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-in the diagnosis of potential cardiac sources of embolism, and for therapeutic guidance, is reviewed in these recommendations. Contrast TTE/TOE is highly accurate for detecting left atrial appendage thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation, valvular and prosthesis vegetations and thrombosis, aortic arch atheroma, patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, and intracardiac tumours. Both CT and MRI are highly accurate for detecting cavity thrombosis, intracardiac tumours, and valvular prosthesis thrombosis. Thus, CT and cardiac magnetic resonance should be considered in addition to TTE and TOE in the detection of a cardiac source of embolism. We propose a diagnostic algorithm where vascular imaging and contrast TTE/TOE are considered the first-line tool in the search for a cardiac source of embolism. CT and MRI are considered as alternative and complementary tools, and their indications are described on a case-by-case approach.

Evidence from epidemiological studies remains inconsistent or limited about the associations of tea consumption with incident diabetes and risk of diabetic complications and death among patients with diabetes.

We aimed to investigate the associations of tea consumption with long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risks of diabetic complications and death among patients with diabetes.

This study included 482,425 diabetes-free participants and 30,300 patients with diabetes aged 30-79 y at study enrollment from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Tea consumption information was collected at baseline by interviewer-administered questionnaires. Incidences of diabetes, diabetic complications, and death were identified by linkages to the National Health Insurance system, disease registries, and death registries. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.

The mean ± SD age of participants free of diabetes was 51.2 ± 10.5 y and 41% were male. The mean ± SD age of pakers.

In Chinese adults, daily green tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident T2D and a lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, but the associations for other types of tea were less clear. In addition, daily tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetic microvascular complications, but not macrovascular complications.

In Chinese adults, daily green tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident T2D and a lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, but the associations for other types of tea were less clear. In addition, daily tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetic microvascular complications, but not macrovascular complications.

Many studies have examined associations between dietary isoflavones and atherosclerosis, but few used objective biomarkers.

We examined the associations of isoflavone biomarkers (primary analyses) and equol production (secondary analyses) with the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and whether inflammation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood lipids, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) mediated these associations, in Chinese adults.

This 8.8-y prospective study included 2572 subjects (40-75 y old) from the GNHS (Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study; 2008-2019). The concentrations of daidzein, genistein, and equol were assayed by an HPLC-tandem MS in serum (n=2572) at baseline and in urine (n=2220) at 3-y intervals. The cIMT of the common carotid artery (CCA) and bifurcation segment were measured by B-mode ultrasound every 3 y, and the progressions of cIMT ( ∆cIMT) were estimated using the regression method.

Multivariable linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) and ANCOVA revealed that subjects with higher serum isoflavones tended to have lower increases of CCA-cIMT. The mean±SEM differences in 8.8-y ∆CCA-cIMT between extreme tertiles of serum isoflavones were -17.1±8.4, -20.6±8.3, and -23.3±10.4 μm for daidzein, total isoflavone, and equol (P-trends<0.05), respectively. LMEMs showed that the estimated yearly changes (95% CIs) (μm/y) in CCA-IMT were -2.0 (-3.8, -0.3), -1.9 (-3.6, -0.1), and -2.1 (-3.8, -0.3) in the highest (compared with the lowest) tertile of daidzein, genistein, and total isoflavones, respectively (P-interaction<0.05). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-00835231.html Path analyses indicated that the serum equol-atherosclerosis association was mediated by increased SHBG and decreased SBP. Similar beneficial associations were observed in the secondary analyses.

Serum isoflavones and equol exposure were associated with reduced cIMT progression, mediated by SHBG and SBP.

Serum isoflavones and equol exposure were associated with reduced cIMT progression, mediated by SHBG and SBP.

How many twins are born in human populations and how has this changed over recent decades?

Since the 1980s, the global twinning rate has increased by a third, from 9.1 to 12.0 twin deliveries per 1000 deliveries, to about 1.6 million twin pairs each year.

It was already known that in the 1980s natural twinning rates were low in (East) Asia and South America, at an intermediate level in Europe and North America, and high in many African countries. It was also known that in recent decades, twinning rates have been increasing in the wealthier parts of our world as a result of the rise in medically assisted reproduction (MAR) and delayed childbearing.

We have brought together all information on national twinning rates available from statistical offices, demographic research institutes, individual survey data and the medical literature for the 1980-1985 and the 2010-2015 periods.

For 165 countries, covering over 99% of the global population, we were able to collect or estimate twinning rates for the 2010ns for mother and child during pregnancy and during and after delivery.

The contribution of CM was partially supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant No 681546, FAMSIZEMATTERS), Nuffield College, and the Leverhulme Trust. The contribution of GP was partially supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant No ANR-18-CE36-0007-07). The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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N/A.In vitro oocyte growth is widely studied as an alternative fertility preservation approach. Several animal models are used to generate extensive information on this complex process regulated by the constant and dynamic interaction between the oocyte and its somatic compartment throughout follicle growth and maturation. A two-dimensional attachment mouse secondary follicle culture system was used to assess the oocyte's capacity to overcome disconnection from its somatic companions at different developmental stages for final competence acquisition. To test this, complete mechanical denudation of oocytes from preantral (PA) and early antral (EA) follicles was performed. Established endpoints were the oocyte's potential to reconnect with somatic cells and the impact of connectivity disruption on mature oocyte quality. This study proves that oocytes from PA and EA cultured mouse follicles can overcome complete denudation, restoring likely functional transzonal projections with no significant differences in meiotic and developmental competence compared with those from intact cultured follicles.