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Routinely collected data are useful for epidemiological study in hemophilia, but few studies validated the algorithm accuracy. We aimed to develop and validate algorithms to identify patients with hemophilia A and hemophilia A-related events.

This validation study compared data from medical chart reviews to a database of routinely collected health data, including claims data and discharge abstracts, and especially electronic medical records (EMR), at a single Japanese hospital (Kurashiki Central Hospital) using a stratified sampling method. Two physicians reviewed the charts for all patients at high risk for hemophilia A, and randomly sampled patients with moderate risk. Diagnostic accuracy was determined based on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value.

There were 1,033,845 eligible patients, of whom 31 had a diagnosis of hemophilia A. ICD-10 diagnosis code D66 in the EMR identified hemophilia A with a sensitivity of 93.5% (95% confidence interval 78.6-99) and PPV of 61.7% (95% confidence interval 46.4-75.5). The administration of ≥10,000 units/month of factor VIII products, as documented in the EMR, identified 81.3% of patients with prophylactic factor replacement therapy. The ICD-10 diagnosis code for intracranial bleeding in the EMR identified 75.0% of patients with intracranial bleeding, but those of gastrointestinal bleeding and major joint bleeding identified only 11.1% and 1.7%, respectively.

We developed and validated algorithms to identify congenital hemophilia A and hemophilia A-related events. Hemophilia A could be identified with high sensitivity and PPV, but it was still challenging to identify hemophilia A-related events.

We developed and validated algorithms to identify congenital hemophilia A and hemophilia A-related events. Hemophilia A could be identified with high sensitivity and PPV, but it was still challenging to identify hemophilia A-related events.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and often caused by viruses. Hepatitis viruses are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with Hepatitis B and C viruses share the great majority. Studies have shown that prison settings are one of the high-risk environments for the transmission of these viruses. However, there is limited information on the seroprevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B and C viral infection among Ethiopian prisoners.

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 prisoners in Dessie town, Ethiopia from February to April 2020. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody against hepatitis C virus in serum were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. We imputed the data using "EpiData 3.1" software and exported it to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 for analysis, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hep prisoners was intermediate and low, respectively. The finding of a significant association between the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among prisoners and factors calls for the need of serological testing for both Hepatitis B and C viruses to high-risk individuals. Strengthening screening strategies and prevention programs in prison settings is advisable to prevent disease transmission.

A risk assessment matrix is a widely used tool for analyzing, assessing and setting priorities in risk management in many fields. This paper overviews critical variables, advantages, disadvantages, strengths and weaknesses of this tool, according to the ISO 31000 risk management framework.

Risk assessment is one of the key stages in the Risk Management Process and involves specific steps identifying hazards, analyzing and evaluating all possible risks. Several methods are developed to assess risks in the literature. A risk matrix method, also called "decision matrix risk assessment (DMRA) technique", is a systematic approach used to determine the risk level and to compare different risks and define which threats need to be controlled first. The actors involved in risk assessment are called on to manage different issues related to the choice of the most appropriate methodological approach, the assessment of the adequacy of the existing control measures, the articulation of risk consequence domains, the definition of the impact-consequences, the explanation of risk likelihood scales and the development of a risk matrix.

We highlighted a number of recommendations in order to address these issues, especially useful when healthcare organizations provide insufficient guidance on how to use risk matrices as well as what to do in response to the existing criticisms on their use.

We highlighted a number of recommendations in order to address these issues, especially useful when healthcare organizations provide insufficient guidance on how to use risk matrices as well as what to do in response to the existing criticisms on their use.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical scenario simulation method among nursing students for assessing the risk of patients developing pressure ulcers compared with the traditional didactic method.

This experimental study was a controlled trial with single-blind assessments. Nursing students (n = 47) were randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group. The control group (n = 21) was instructed using traditional didactic methods that only delivered knowledge of pressure ulcers, while the experimental group (n = 26) received a clinical scenario simulation-based method for cultivating the competence to assess the risk of pressure ulcers. Participants underwent pre- and post-intervention based on the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) comprising objective performance criteria. Data were analyzed using a

-test in the SPSS Statistics software program at a significance level of 0.05.

No significant differences were observed regarding age or the mean scores of the OSCE in prd for cultivating students' assessment ability regarding pressure ulcers. This student-centered, clinical scenario simulation method can help to effectively develop students' competency in recognizing and assessing the risk of pressure ulcers, thereby providing a solid foundation for their clinical practice towards enhanced patient safety.Many efforts to predict the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, and mortality rely on age and comorbidities. These predictions are foundational to learning, policymaking, and planning for the pandemic, and therefore understanding the relationship between age, comorbidities, and health outcomes is critical to assessing and managing public health risks. From a US government database of 1.4 million patient records collected in May 2020, we extracted the relationships between age and number of comorbidities at the individual level to predict the likelihood of hospitalization, admission to intensive care, and death. We then applied the relationships to each US state and a selection of different countries in order to see whether they predicted observed outcome rates. We found that age and comorbidity data within these geographical regions do not explain much of the international or within-country variation in hospitalization, ICU admission, or death. Identifying alternative explanations for the limited predictive power of comorbidities and age at the population level should be considered for future research.

Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019, the mental health of individuals has been negatively affected, especially among vulnerable groups.

The aim of this study was to explore the association of psychological distress with self-efficacy and other correlates among Ethiopian pregnant women.

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 pregnant women from August 1 to 15, 2020. Pandemic-related psychological distress was measured by the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), generalized self-efficacy scale (GSES), and fear of COVID-19 scale (FCoV-19S) were employed to examine independent variables. A consecutive sampling technique was employed and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Categorical variables were presented in terms of frequencies and percentages; and mean with SD was employed to express continuous variables. 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole supplier Multiple regressions were performed; and for statistical significance, p < 0.05 and 95% CI were considered.

The partici indicate that the current pandemic has imposed severe psychological distress among pregnant women. The presence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pandemic-related fears were identified as positive predictors. In contrast, better self-efficacy of the pregnant women was linked to lower psychological distress. For health-care professionals, broadening the focus and collaboration among service-delivering units are important in halting undesirable outcomes of the pandemic.

The purpose of the study is to investigate Chinese web users' monetary valuation of their personal information (PI) and its psychological driving factors, and thereby promote the establishment of the PI market in China.

In this study, a survey was conducted with 710 Chinese WeChat users to determine how they perceive the monetary value of their PI.

The survey results demonstrate that the "endowment effect" exists among Chinese web users, indicating different allocations of PI property rights may elicit distinct outcomes. The results also reveal that Chinese web users' willingness-to-pay (WTP) is mainly driven by privacy concern and intimacy of disclosure, and their willingness-to-accept (WTA) is mainly driven by privacy concern, intimacy of disclosure and psychological ownership.

The results imply that market players in China can use these driving factors to increase consumers' valuation of their PI to maintain a stable user base, and a portion of users will choose paid but privacy-guaranteed services to protect their PI. Furthermore, our findings indicate that when there is a formal monetary PI market, a privacy class may emerge.

The results imply that market players in China can use these driving factors to increase consumers' valuation of their PI to maintain a stable user base, and a portion of users will choose paid but privacy-guaranteed services to protect their PI. Furthermore, our findings indicate that when there is a formal monetary PI market, a privacy class may emerge.Numerous publications have described the behaviors employed by professional jockeys on a daily basis to achieve and maintain a minimum racing weight. This narrative review provides an update of recent publications that report on the impact of such practices. Although rapid weight-loss techniques such as calorie restriction and dehydration are commonly thought to be deleterious to jockeys, little evidence exists of enduring health consequences. There is evidence to suggest that jockey training behaviors and dietary choices are not aligned with optimum preparation for the physiological demands of the sport. Further research is necessary to better measure the health impact of jockey weight-making behaviors; such data might guide reforms of athlete behavior and regulatory practices within the global sport of horse racing.