Riiseford0251

[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03054.]. © 2019 The Author(s).The precise determination of the dead time is essential in a chromatography system as it is a primary parameter for the determination of other secondary parameters such as the adjusted retention time, relative retention time, retention factor and retention index. Several of the indirect methods used for the determination of the dead time in this study were iteration, nonlinear, spreadsheet and statistics methods, which were implemented using the ANSI C programming language. The calculation of each method was tested with temperature and column variations for measuring the retention time of a n-alkane homologous series and accuracy analysis of each mathematical method (indirect method) to the marker substance (direct method). Changes in the temperature and column variations (type, polarity and column length) affected the calculation of the dead time values but did not affect its accuracy. The value of the dead time generated by the non-linear method was relatively high, with errors above 10%, while the other methods utilized are quite good with errors below 8% regardless of the column and temperature variations. © 2020 The Author(s).It is vital to understand processes of microplastic ingestion and egestion by aquatic organisms in order to evaluate the potential effects and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) was used to investigate ingestion and egestion of polyethylene (PE) microplastics and how these processes were affected by size, color, and shape of microplastics. Results showed that goldfish ingested white PE microplastics only in the presence of fish feed and that microplastics larger than 2 mm were rejected even after being ingested. However, in the presence of food, more green and black microplastics were ingested compared with red, blue, and white microplastics while significantly higher amounts of microplastic films were ingested compared with fragments and filaments. Microplastics ingested by goldfish were egested within 72 h. However, the egestion rate of filaments was the lowest among all tested microplastic shapes. The presence of food appeared to reduce film and filament residues in fish after 72 h. Results of this study imply that different features of microplastics result in different exposure risks for fish. Thus, the specific features of microplastics (e.g. their shape, color, and size) should be considered in future ecotoxicological studies. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Most cancers develop with one of two types of genomic instability, namely, chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MSI). Both are induced by replication stress-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The type of genomic instability that arises is dependent on the choice of DNA repair pathway. Specifically, MSI is induced via a PolQ-dependent repair pathway called microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) in a mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient background. https://www.selleckchem.com/Bcl-2.html However, it is unclear how the MMR status determines the choice of DSB repair pathway. Here, we show that replication stress-associated DSBs initially targeted by the homologous recombination (HR) system were subsequently hijacked by PolQ-dependent MMEJ in MMR-deficient cells, but persisted as HR intermediates in MMR-proficient cells. PolQ interacting with MMR factors was effectively loaded onto damaged chromatin in an MMR-deficient background, in which merged MRE11/γH2AX foci also effectively formed. Thus, the choice of DNA repair pathway according to the MMR status determines whether CIN or MSI is induced. © 2019 The Author(s).This study aims at developing a vehicle dynamic simulator using combined CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink software packages loaded with the performance curves and characteristics of an internal combustion engine to optimize the effects of steering control on the energy consumption of an internal combustion engine vehicle. The simulator consists of modules for the engine, transmission, vehicle dynamic load, energy management strategy, and driving patterns. The goal of this research is to develop an advanced Steer By Wire (SBW) system. As the vehicle is turning, the repeatable turning or oversteer might occur due to several factors 1. The path is narrow or the road curvature is high; 2. The insufficient designs of turning radius; 3. The driver's choice for turning paths; 4. Human operation factor (slow or fast operating steering wheel that the vehicle is unable to follow the route). Hence, under various steering sensitivity, vehicle speed, and turning radius, we searched the optimal operation parameters globally that the vehicle might save the maximal energy under the safety concerns. The results will be provided as the reference for the drivers or directly be integrated for the SBW under the semi-automatic driving mode. The results of optimal steering control show that as the turning radius is 40m and vehicle speed is 70 km/h, the maximal energy consumption improvement is 42.72%. If the optimal vehicle speed is considered, the improvement can be even larger. The vehicle model was built based on the real vehicle parameters which can further be employed for the real transportation system. © 2019 The Author(s).In this attempt, in order to obtain high-quality NLO crystal, organic compound; 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-Alanine crystal was fabricated. The organic-composite crystal was characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic tools. The NLO supported parameters like crystal lattice (orthorhombic) and space group (P212121) examined and validated by XRD examination. The SHG test was carried out and SHG efficiency was calculated that1.29 and 1.35 times greater than solid KDP crystal. The laser damage threshold energy density was determined to be 14.51 GW/cm2. By the application of mulliken charge assignment, multiple dielectric cavities were found in crystal material which is able to process the high degree of birefringence gradient. The oscillating chemical potential movement was observed by examining chemical shift, among the core carbons of hexagonal ring and bridge carbons of chain. The chemical softness insists the binding viability of further ligand groups. The π and δ-conjugated interactive complex orbitals recognized on molecular site and participation in optical active mechanism was identified.